Tare Da: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Gabatarwa

Shin ko kai kana tsintan kan ka a cikin tsananin bakin ciki da damuwa da rashin kuzari mai tsawo daga baya kuma kwatsam sai ka ji tsabagen annashuwa da farin ciki mai yawa tare da jiye-jiye ko gane-gane ko daukan saurin fushi na wani lokaci? Wadannan da ma wasu alamonin da yawa zan tattauna su a wannan rubutun. Wasu suna rubuto min cewa suna tattare da da yawa daga cikin alamomin Mental Disorders din da nake bayyanawa sannan kuma ba sa son wadannan dabi’un ko halayyan na su amma kuma sun kasa yanda za su yi su daina, to ina mafita? Ku biyo ni domin samun gamsashshiyar amsa. Mental Disorders din da zan tattauna a yau suna cikin Mental Disorders din da suke cin mana tuwo a kwarya, sun addabi wasu daga cikin sashen mutanen mu amma kuma abin baqin ciki shine mutane ba su da isashshen ilimi akan su (lack of insight) ballantana su nemi irin taimakon da ya dace daga wajen Psychiatrists.

Mene Ake Nufi Da Depression?

Ba kaman yanda mutane suke fassara wannan kalman da cewa ciwon baqin ciki ba, fassaran wannan kalman ya fadada fiye da haka. Sau da yawa zaka ji mutum ya ce Depression ya kama ni da zaran wani abun baqin ciki ya same shi na dan wani lokaci ko kuma ya tashi ba ya jin annashuwa da kuzari. Da farko dai, Depression na daya daga cikin manyan Mental Disorders wanda zai iya tsayuwa da kafan shi shi kadai, ko kuma ya shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders din. Yana daya daga cikin qungiyan Mental Disorders da ake kira Mood Disorders wadanda suke shafan yanda mutum yake jin fushi, ko karsashi, ko iya aikata ayyukan da ya saba yi na yau da kullum. Daya daga cikin babban illan shi idan ba a magance shi ba shine zai iya sa mutum ya ji ya gaji da rayuwar duniya gabadaya har ma ya iya neman daukan ran sa da kansa (suicide) ko kuma ya yi ta tunanin cewa ina ma dai da ace babu ransa ko kuma a wayi gari kawai ya mutu (suicidal ideation).

Depression ya kasu gida-gida, zan maida hankali akan Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) wanda aka fi sani da Clinical Depression.

Bari mu fara zayyana alamomin MDD guda 9 daga baya sai mu yi sharhin su.

1. Jin bakin ciki tare da yanke qauna ko kuma jin kawai kana son yin kuka a kusan kullum (depressed mood & hopelessness).
2. Raguwan sha’awan abubuwan da da ka ke son yi wadanda suka shafi dukkanin harkokin ka a kusan kullum (anhedonia).
3. Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba ko kuma rage qiba ba tare da kana dieting ba ko qara qiba (change in appetite & body weight).
4. Canji a yanda ka ke samun yin bacci a inda ka ke kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ka saba ko kuma kake yin baccin da ya wuce ƙima kusan a kullum (hypersomnia or insomnia).
5. Jin kazar-kazar ko kuma ka ji ba ka son tabuka komai da jikin ka kaman kasala (psychomotor agitation or retardation).
6. Rashin jin karsashi ko jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa ba ka yi aikin da ya cancanci jin irin wannan gajiyan ba kusan a kullum (fatigue or loss of energy).
7. Jin cewa ba ka da amfani ko kuma yawan zargin kan ka da kan ka (worthlessness or guilt).
8. Kasa hada hankalin ka ko tunanin ka waje guda ko kasa yanke hukunci kusan a kullum (lack of concentration & indecisiveness).
9. Yawan yin tunanin mutuwa, ko tunanin da ma ace ka mutu, ko kuma yunqurin kashe kanka (suicidal ideation or suicide attempt).

Sai aqalla 5 daga cikin wadannan alamomi 9 sun tabbata kuma sun wanzu har sati 2 cikakke koma fiye da haka sannan kuma dole daya daga cikin alamomin ya kasance #1 ko #2. Akwai wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wadannan yanayi har shekara 1 a yara kenan ko kuma shekaru 2 a manya, a irin wannan yanayi, cutan ta tashi daga MDD ta zama Dysthymia.

Shin wanda MDD ya kama shi zai iya fahimtar haka wato zai samu insight har ma ya nemi agaji wajen Psychiatrist ko kuwa sai dai wani na kusa da shi wanda yake lura da sauyin yanayin sa kaman matan shi ko dan’uwan shi ko abokin shi ne zai iya gane halin da ya shiga? Saboda yanda MDD yake durqusar da rayuwan mutum, za ka cewa mutum shi da kanshi zai iya gane cewa fa duniyan shi na tafiya a bai-bai ko kuma sama ya koma qasa amma ba dole ne ya fahimci cewan MDD ne ya kama shi. Sai ya kasa gane kanshi gabadaya. ‘Yan abubuwan da da yake jin dadin yin su kaman na bangaren wasanni ko motsa jiki, ko hulda da mutane, ko karatu, ko aiki, ko fira da wasa da iyali, duk sai yaji sun fita a ransa. Sai yaga babu abinda yake so sai dai ya kwanta shi kadai kaman mutum-mutumi ba uhm ba uhm-uhm, da kyar ma wani lokacin zai iya tashi ya ci abinci ko yayi salla. Tsaftan jikin sa ma da na inda yake zaune sai ya gagare shi, sai kaga mutum ya koma zama cikin dauda a wani lokacin. Kila a da ya saba fita yin salla a masallaci sau 5 a rana, sai kawai ya ji baya son fita zuwa masallacin kuma tare da jin tsananin kasala ko kuma ciwon kai ko ciwon jiki wanda koda ace zai je asibiti domin a yi mai gwajin jinin shi wato test domin a gano ko akwai wata cuta ne a jikin shi, to babu abun da za a gani bayan shi kuma yasan cewa yana jin ciwo a jikin shi. Wani zai iya qauracema zuwa aiki ko makaranta kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga zabga lattin zuwa tare da rashin ba aikin ko karatun mahimmanci. Idan dalibi ne zai iya qin yin duk wani homework, ko test wani lokaci ma har examinations din zai iya guje musu, kunga dole ya sami carryover kenan. Idan kuma a wajen aiki ne zai iya qin yin aikin da aka bashi kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga kasancewa shi ne na kashin baya a wajen yin aikin da aka ba kowa sai ya yi wato missing deadlines. Daga qarshe, sai mutum ya ji ma cewa gabadaya duniyan ta ishe shi, ina ma dai ace bashi a duniyan, ina ma dai ace a wayi gari kawai sai aji cewa ya rasu, ina ma dai ace ya hallaka kanshi da kanshi domin ya yaye ma kanshi baqin cikin da ke damun shi. Idan ba a yi sa’a ba, sai kawai a wayi gari a ji cewa ai wane ya kashe kanshi ta hanyar rataye kanshi ko kuma shan guba ko kuma ta wani hanyar dabam, Allah Ya tsare. Tabbas wadannan alamomi ne a fili da mutanen da ke kusa da shi wanda MDD ya kama za su iya lura da wadannan sauye-sauyen a cikin rayuwan shi na yau da kullum kaman matan shi, abokin shi, iyayen shi, malamin shi da kuma shugaban shi a wajen aiki. A irin haka ne, sai wani lokaci mutane su yi zaton cewa wai anyi mai sihiri ne shi yasa duk wadannan sababbin dabi’un suka bayyana a gareshi. Ya zama wajibi ga duk wanda ya lura cewa dan’uwan sa ya sami kan sa a cikin wannan yanayin da ya agaje shi yayi saurin kai shi asibiti wajen Psychiatrist domin a duba lafiyan shi yanda ya kamata kafin abubuwan su tabarbare har ya kai ga cewa an kore a wajen aikin shi ko kuma a kore shi a makarantan gabadaya saboda yin fashi ko kuma rashin yin jarabawa a inda ya tara carryovers rututu. Kaman yanda na fada a baya cewa Depression yana shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders da yawa, zan yi cikakken bayani akan kowani daya daga cikin su. Wani lokaci samun Depression yana nuni alaman cewa mutum yana dauke da wani Mental Disorder na daban kuma da ma yawancin Mental Disorders suna faruwa ne fiye da daya a mutum guda wato Comorbidity. Za ka iya samun mutum daya yana da Mental Disorders guda 2, 3, 5, 8, ko ma fiye da haka. Ya zama tilas ga duk dan’Adam ya fahimci alamomin Depression da kyau saboda ya iya kare kansa ko kuma wani nasa daga fadawa halaka.

Abubuwa da dama suke kawo Depression (in general, including MDD) kaman rashin daidaituwan wasu sinadarai (neurotransmitters) wanda suke rarraba saqo a cikin kwakwalwan mutum, ko kuma canje-canje na yawan sinadarin hormones (estrogen da progesterone) a jikin mace wanda zai iya yin sanadin samun PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), ko kuma gado, ko rashin isashshen Vitamin D wanda yake sa qarfin qashi, ko shan kwaya, ko wasu cutan jiki (medical illnesses) kaman ciwon zuciya ko cancer. Ana iya samun sauqi sosai daga Depression saboda akwai magunguna da yawa za a iya ba mutum domin ya sami sauqin halin da ya shiga amma dole sai an sha maganin na wani tsawon lokaci sannan za a sami sauqin da ya kamata.

Depression yana iya samun yara haka ma manya amma ya fi samun mata akan maza sau 2. Saboda yanda yake shafan harkokin mutum, Depression na iya zafafa wadannan Medical Conditions din: arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity.

Ku saurari Dr. Ramani Durvasula (Professor na Clinical Psychology) a inda ta ƙara sharhi a kan waɗannan alamomin na MDD mai suna, ‘How to Spot Severe Depression vs Feeling Depressed’.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzO8EAOEGJ8

Ka karanta wannan maqalan domin samun qarin bayani, ‘Everything You Need to Know About Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)’.

https://www.healthline.com/health/depression

Yaya Bipolar Disorder Yake?

Shi ma Bipolar Disorder (BD) yana daya daga cikin Mood Disorders, wato gidan su daya da Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko kuma abin da muka fi kira da Depression. Ba kasancewa ma gidan su daya ba kawai, ‘yan daki daya ne saboda shi Bipolar a mafi yawancin lokuta za ka ga cewa yana qunshe da MDD a cikin alamomin shi tare da Mania ko kuma Hypomania, zan yi bayanin wadannan kalmomin a qasa tare da alamomin su. A mafi yawancin lokuta, Bipolar na sa mutum ne ya dunga tsilla-tsilla a tsakanin Mania (tsananin jin garau tare da kazar-kazar da jin kai da ma jiye-jiye ko gane-gane) da Major Depression Episode (MDD) wanda na yi cikakken bayanin shi a sama. Hypomania, qanin Mania ne domin shi alamomin shi ba sa zafafa kaman na Mania sannan kuma babu jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (Psychosis).

Mania

Alamomin Mania wato Manic Episode sun qunshi:

1. Ji-ji da kai da qafafa da sawa a ranka cewa kai wani ne (grandiosity). A wannan halin, mutum zai iya jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (psychosis) har ma a wani lokaci yace Allah Ya yi magana da shi kuma Ya ce mai yayi abubuwa kaza da kaza domin ya ceci al’umma (grandiose delusion). A wani lokaci, mutum zai iya jin cewa shi na musamman ne kaman wani superhero ko yace shi ne mahadin da zai zo qarshen zamani ko yace shi annabi ne. Ko ya nemi matsayin da yafi qarfin shi kaman yace zai tsaya takaran shugaban qasa bayan cewa matsayin shi a cikin mutane ba zai taba samun irin wannan martaban ba kaman yanda Kanye West wani shaharren mawaqi baqin fata ya yi a America saboda yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder. Shin kuna ganin cewa wannan misalin za iya hadaw da ‘yan takaran shugaban qasa wadanda ko quri’a daya ba sa samu a zaben fidda gwani wato Primary Election na Party din su?
2. Rashin buqatan yin bacci tare da jin garau kuma koda kuwa mutum baccin awa 3 kadai ya samu a rana. A wani lokaci ma mutum zai iya yin sati 1 cur ba tare da ya runtsa ba kwata-kwata kuma ya ji shi garau babu wani matsala (decreased need for sleep). Yawancin lokuta wannan alaman ne yake nuna cewa an fara shiga Mania daga baya sai sauran alamun su biyo shi.
3. Tadi ko jin yin magana kaman an kunna rediyo (talkative)
4. Kasa tsayar da tunani a waje daya sai mutum ya yi ta jin tunani kala-kala nau’i-nau’i suna ta karakaina a cikin kwakwalwan shi (flight of ideas).
5. Saurin dauke hankali da saurin shagala da abu mara amfani (distractibility).
6. Jin qarfi fiye da qima, saurin fusata (irritable mood) ko qara yin ayyukan da suke sa a cimma wani manufa a cikin mutane, ko makaranta, ko wajen aiki (increase in goal-directed activity). A cikin wannan yanayi, za ka ga mutum ya duqufa ka’in da na’in wajen aiwatar da ayyukan da za su sa ya cimma wani buri kaman yawan rubuce-rubuce masu matuqar amfani, ko duqufa a kan wani karatu ko bada himma sosai a wajen aiki.
7. Qaruwan ayyukan da za su iya cutar da mutum kaman kashe-kashen kudi ba tunani, saduwa, kasuwancin bogi (impulsivity). Mutum zai iya qin zuwa wajen aiki kaman na sati 1 ko 2 sai ya je ya kama daki a hotel mai shegen tsada (presidential suite) har sai ya kashe duk ‘yan kudin da ya tara a banza a wofi sannan ya dawo babu ko taro. Zai kuma iya yin kyautar duk abin da ya mallaka shi kuma ya koma abin tausayi. A wani lokaci kuma mutum zai shiga cinikayyar bogi a inda za a damfare shi duka kudaden shi. Mace za ta iya shiga karuwanci.

Alamomin Hypomania sun qunshi duka alamomin Mania guda 7 na sama sai dai banda jiye-jiye ko gane-gane wato Psychosis sannan sauran alamomin ba su da qarfin da suke da shi irin na Mania. Sannan kuma alamomin Mania suna wanzuwa ne a kullum har zuwa aqalla kwanaki 7 ko sama da haka su kuwa na Hypomania suna wanzuwa ne aqalla kwanaki 4 ko sama da haka. Wato a taqaice dai Hypomania qanin Mania ne. Sannan duk wadannan alamomin sai ya kasance cewa ba wani ciwon jiki bane wato Medical Condition ko wani magani ko kwaya ya kawo su.

Bipolar I Da Bipolar II

Bipolar Disorder ya kasu zuwa gida biyu ne Bipolar I da Bipolar II. Bipolar I shine wanda ya qunshi faruwan Mania (aqalla alamomi 3 daga ciki) sannan kuma suka wanzu har aqalla kwanaki 7 zuwa sama da haka ko da kuwa sau 1 hakan ya faru a rayuwan mutum. A wani lokaci mai Bipolar I zai iya samun Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko Hypomania amma ba dole bane.

Shi kuma Bipolar II ya qunshi Hypomania tare da Major Depressive Episode (MDD). Dole mai dauke da Bipolar II ya kasance ya taba samun MDD a rayuwarsa kafin a ce yana dauke da Bipolar II. Sannan a duk sanda ya sami Mania, to ya tashi daga Bipolar II ya koma Bipolar I ko da sau 1 a rayuwarsa.

A taqaice dai kusan MDD ya shiga cikin Bipolar I & II amma ba dole ne a same shi a wajen mai Bipolar I ba amma dole ya kasance a wanda yake da Bipolar II. Mai Bipolar yana canzawa ne a tsakanin Mania ko Hypomania izuwa Depression, haka abin zai ta jujjuyawa lokaci bayan lokaci. Amma Bipolar II ya fi samun Depression yana maimaituwa mashi ko kuma ya kasance ya jima sosai. A wani lokacin kuma, Mania ko Hypomania na iya haduwa da Depression.

Akwai magungunan da ake ba masu Bipolar Disorder domin su sassaita musu matsalolin da suke samu a lokacin Depression ko Mania ko Hypomania. Sai a tuntube Psychiatrist idan ana zaton cewa mutum na dauke da Bipolar. A wani lokacin, Depression din ne zai fara addaban mutum sosai kafin ya samu Mania. Da zaran kuwa ya samu Mania ko Hypomania, to sai ciwon na shi ya tashi daga MDD zuwa Bipolar I ko Bipolar II. Ba a cewa mutum na dauke da MDD tare da Bipolar sai dai ace MDD kawai idan babu Mania ko Hypomania ko kuma a ce Bipolar kawai da zaran an gano cewa ya taba samun Mania ko Hypomania. Sannan kuma a wani lokaci akan iya samun rudani a tsakanin alamomin ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) da na Bipolar saboda alamomin Mania na iya kama da na ADHD. Idan aka je wajen Psychiatrist, shi zai iya tantancewa a tsakanin su duk da yake cewa mutum daya zai iya kasancewa yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder tare da ADHD. Daga qarshe, bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya gadon Bipolar Disorder sosai.

Domin samun qarin bayani, ka kalli wannan bidiyon wanda wani kwararren Psychiatrist mai suna Dr. Domenick Sportelli ya yi mai taken, ‘What Is Bipolar Disorder?’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lox1FC4zPM

Domin samun taqaitaccen bayani akan Depression da Bipolar disorder, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Maryam Almustapha mai suna, ‘Depression, Mania, Bipolar’.

https://www.tiktok.com/@drmaryamm_a/video/7153317883349699842?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7142501723353286146

Za ka iya karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, ‘Everything You Need to Know About Bipolar Disorder’.

https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder

Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:

Tsananin Fushi, Bala’in Kishi: Borderline Personality Disorder & Obsessive Love Disorder

Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

 

 

 

 

 

Tagged : bipolar / depression / mdd / mental disorder / mental health / pmdd