Tare Da: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Gabatarwa

Bayan na fitar da maqala ta a game da ciwon aljanu a inda na tabbatar da cewa alamomin da muke gani wadanda muke yanke cewa mutum na dauke da ciwon aljanu, to wadannan alamomi ne na wani Mental Disorder mai suna Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) wanda aka fi sani da Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) a da. Yanayin saqonnin da na samu a game da wannan matsala ya qara tabbatar min da cewa mutane suna da qarancin wayewa a game da ilimin Mental Health wato lafiyan halayya (emotional) da kuma dabi’un (psychological) dan’Adam. A sabili da haka ne na ga dacewar in yi rubutu kashi-kashi a game da Mental Health tare da Mental Disorder wanda yake nufin gamayyan wasu alamomi wadanda suke yin illa ga yanda ka ke tsinkayan abubuwa (feel) da kuma yanda ka ke tunani (think).

Kaman yanda mafi yawancin ku ku ka sani ne cewa ni ba likita ba ne, ni Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a jami’an da ake kira University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Amma kasancewa na zauna da mutane da yawa masu Mental Disorders a inda har ma na ke daukan wasu in kai su asibiti wajen Psychiatrist (likitan dabi’u da halayyar dan’Adam) da kaina domin nema musu lafiya tare da cewa kuma ni mai sha’awa ne da bincike a game da Mental Disorders, hakan ya bani daman fahimtar wadannan matsalolin sosai. Saboda haka, duk wani Mental Disorder da zan yi tsokaci akai a cikin wadannan rubuce-rubucen da zan yi, to matsaloli ne wadanda na sansu sosai kuma na yi mu’amala da masu irin matsalolin na qut da qut ba wai kawai na karanta su bane ko kuma naji anyi bayanin su, a’a. Saboda haka, kaman yanda na yi kutse a bangaren ciwon sukari wato Diabetes saboda nima na taba samun cutan amma kuma na warke, har ta kai ga cewa na shiryar da mutane da dama da taimakon Allah (SWA) hanyar da za su bi domin su yaye kansu daga shan magani kuma su samu waraka ta hanyan kiyaye abin da za su ci tare da motsa jiki, ina fatan ma a wannan karon cewa Allah (SWA) zai albarkaci wadannan rubuce-rubucen da zan yi a game da Mental Disorders har mutane su ilmantu sosai domin kare Mental Health din su yanda ya kamata.

Menene Mental Disorder?

Kaman yanda na fara bayani a sama cewa Mental Disorder yana nufin tattaruwan wasu alamomi wadanda suke iya jirkitadda yanayin da mutum yake tsinkayan abubuwa da kuma yanda ya ke tunani  da mu’amala da mutane. Irin wadannan alamomin suna saka mutum ya shiga cikin matsanancin damuwa (subjective distress) sannan kuma suna janyo matsala ko naqasa (impairment) a game da yanda mutum yake mu’amala da iyalin shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi (wato a gida), da abokan aikin shi ko kuma abokan karantun shi (pervasive). Irin wadannan alamomin za su iya jimawa mutum yana fuskantan su (persistent), ko kuma a wani lokaci sai su zo gadan-gadan kaman saukan ruwan sama (relapse) daga baya kuma sai su yi likimo kaman anyi ruwan an dauke (remission). A wani sa’in ma sau daya kacal za su faru (single episode).

Manyan abubuwan da suke kawo Mental Disorders sun hada da gado (genetics), yanayin muhallin da mutum ya taso (environment), dabi’un yau da kullum da aka dora mutum akai (daily habits), da kuma yanayin halittan mutum (biology). Domin qarin bayani, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Maryam Almustapha.

https://www.tiktok.com/@drmaryamm_a/video/7152750984563903745?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7142501723353286146

Manyan Alamomi 17 Da Ke Nuna Cewa Kana Dauke Da Mental Disorder

1. Matsanancin damuwa ko tsoro (extreme worry or fear)
2. Matsanancin baqin ciki ko rashin kuzari (extremely sad or down)
3. Kasa maida hankali waje guda har mutum ya kasa fahimtar karatu ko kuma abin da yake karatawa (disorganized thinking or difficulty concentrating and learning)
4. Kwatsam, sai mutum ya ji tsananin farin ciki da annashuwa har na zuwa aqalla kwanaki 4 tare da yin ayyukan bazata kaman almubazzaranci, ko karuwanci wadanda za su iya cutar da mutum. (mania)
5. Jimawa kana jin matsanancin haushi yanda ana tabo ka sai bala’i (sustained or intense feelings or irritability or anger)
6. Guje ma abokai ko ‘yan’uwa ko qin yin mu’amalan da mutum ya saba yi da mutane ko a ayyukan sa na yau da kullum (avoiding friends or relatives and social activity)
7. Kasa fahimtar yanda zakayi mu’amala da mutane yanda ya dace (difficulties understanding or relating to other people)
8. Canji a yanda mutum yake samun yin bacci a inda mutum yake kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ya saba ko kuma yake yin baccin da ya wuce qima tare da rashin kuzari da kuma yawan jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa bakayi aikin gajiya ba (sleep disturbance and fatigue)
9. Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba (changes in eating habits)
10. Qarin kuzari ko kuma rashin shi a gado (changes in sex drive)
11. Kasa banbance zahiri tare da yin jiye-jiye ko gane-ganen abubuwan da babu su a zahiri tare da yarda da imani da abinda ba zai taba yiyuwa ba a zahiri (psychosis: hallucination and delusion)
12. Rashin fahimtar cewa ka canza a yanda ka saba sannan kuma dabi’un ka sun canza ko sun tabarbare (lack of insight)
13. Yin tatil da giya da kuma tunanin ta a kodayaushe ko kuma shan kwaya ko kuma shan magani har ya wuce qiman da ya kamata (drug abuse)
14. Yawan yin ciwon kai ko ciwon ciki ko ciwon da mutum ba ma zai iya siffanta shi ba takamaimai sannan kuma koda anje asibiti akayi gwaji ba za a ga wani matsala ba (somatic complaints)
15. Tunanin cutadda kanka ko kuma tunanin kashe kanka (self-harm or suicidality)
16. Tsananin damuwan yin qiba ko kuma yanda suran mutum yake (dysmorphic)
17. Kasa mu’amala da mutane ko kuma kasa yin aiki yanda mutum ya saba na yau da kullum ko kuma kasa jure gwagwarmayan rayuwa na yau da kullum saboda wadannan matsalolin 1 – 16. (socioeconomic dysfunction)

Idan kaga cewa daya ko kuma fiye da daya daga cikin wadannan manyan alamomin Mental Disorders sun tabbata a gare ka kuma ba tare da bayan ka sha kwaya bane sannan kuma baka da wani matsala na jiki wato physical illness, to ya kamata ka ga Psychiatrist ko Clinical Psychologist domin ya duba ka yanda ya kamata.

Idan kana neman cikakken sharhin wadannan alamomin, to ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Fox (kwararren Clinical Psychologist) mai suna, ‘17 Signs You Could Have a Mental Illness’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtBWqBenNQE&list=LL&index=68

Misalai Na Mental Disorders

Mu sani cewa akwai sama da 300 Mental Disorders wadanda aka tabbatar da su a likitance kuma sun bambamta da junan su wajen tsanani (severity) da kuma yanda suke saka damuwa (subjective distress) da naqasa (impairment) ga mai dauke su. Shin ko ka san cewa in’ina wato stammering ko stuttering yana daga cikin Mental Disorders? Ana kiran in’ina wanda mutum ya fara a yarinta Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (COFD). Mutum zai iya samun waraka gabaki daya daga Mental Disorder kaman in’ina ya na bacewa kwata-kwata wani lokaci idan mutum ya girma ko kuma ya ragu sosai. Wasu Mental Disorders din kuma sai dai mutum ya fahimce su da kyau sannan kuma ya koyi yanda zai dunga kiyayewa idan alamomin sun taso mai ranga-ranga (Psychotherapy). A wasu lokutan ma har magani ake bayar wa ko kuma a gasa kwakwalwan (Electro-convulsive therapy – ECT). Amma fa ku sani da cewa ba a dakatar da shan maganin Mental Disorders tashi guda, sai dai a rage a hankali a hankali (tapering) kaman yanda Psychiatrist zai bada shawara idan buqatan hakan ta kama. Kuma yawanci ana shan su ne na tsawon lokaci, wasu wata 6, wasu har shekaru ma, wasu kuma muddin rai.

Ga wasu daga cikin alamomin Mental Disorders tare da ainihin sunayen su.

1. Tsananin jin tsoro tare da fargaba idan mutum ya ga kyankyaso, gizo-gizo, bera, ko yin allura, ko hawa jirgin sama da dai sauran su (Phobia)
2. Shiga matsanancin damuwa da mata ke yi a cikin satin qarshe kafin zuwan al’adan su a inda za a lura cewa wani abu na damun su sosai wasu har da ciwon gabbai da tsoka, tare da rashin iya maida hankali da saurin gajiya ko rashin jin qarfi sosai, ga saurin jin haushi da yin fada ko a gida ko a wajen aiki da dai sauran su (Pre-menstrual Dysphoric Disorder – PMDD). Ya kamata maza su laqanci alamomin wannan disorder din saboda kiyaye uwargida idan tana da shi, idan kuma ba haka ba, to za ayi dauki ba dadi. ☺️
3. Kasa samun bacci gabadaya ko kuma yin baccin dan kadan da daddare amma kuma gari na wayewa sai ka ji baccin ya zo. Idan ma zaka sami dama zaka iya yin bacci ma’ishi tun safe har rana koma zuwa yamma (Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome – DSPS, daya daga cikin bangaren Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder).
4. Yaro mai tsilla-tsilla wanda baya iya zama wuri guda a yanayin da ake da buqatan yin hakan, kuma baya iya yin wasa shiru ba tare da yana iface-iface ba da zabure-zabure. Kuma a makaranta ma yana yawan tsilla-tsilla a cikin ji koda kuwa akwai malami a ciki kuma yana da yawan wasa da hannun shi yayi tabe-tabe ko kuma qafan shi ga yawan guje-guje da tadi da batar da kayayyakin shi da rashin tsayar da hankali a wajen karatu ga saurin bada amsa a cikin aji koda kuwa ba a tambaye shi ba (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – ADHD).
5. Mai qa’ida, mai taurin kai wanda idan ya kafe a abu, to babu mai iya daga shi, mai tsananin kiyaye mutunci tare da bin dokoki sau da qafa, ga maqo (shi bai ci ba kuma bai bayar an ci ba) ko kuma tsantseni wajen kashe kudi. Sannan ya na da qoqarin ganin cewa duk wani aiki sai an yi shi batare da wani kuskure ba (Mr. Perfect), kuma wani lokaci ma garin neman ayi aiki dari bisa dari sai kuma a kasa gama aikin akan lokaci. Kuma ba shi da daga qafa, duk dokan da ya gindaya to dole a bishi a haka babu sassauci tare da son cewa sai anyi abu a yanda yake so ko ya tsara (bossy). Sannan kuma agogo ne sarkin aiki (workaholic), a office aiki, a gida aiki, hatta weekend har ma abin ya kai ga cewa iyali ma basa samun lokacin shi yanda ya kamata domin yin fira ko kuma fita shaqatawa a waje, babu abin da yafi darjantawa irin aikin shi (Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder – OCPD). Wannan daban ne da mai OCD.
6. Tsananin ji da kai da ganin cewa shi na musamman ne (grandiosity) da kuma matuqar son a yaba mai koda kuwa bai cancanci yabon ba tare da nuna halin ko in kula da yanayin da mutum ke ciki na buqata ko damuwa (lack of empathy). Sannan kuma yana amfani da yaudara wajen cin ma burin shi, ga tsananin ji-ji da kai (arrogant) da hassada da neman ganin bayan mutum (Narcissistic Personality Disorder – NPD).

Domin samun cikakken qarin bayani a kan wadannan Mental Disorders din da kuma yanda ake sarrafa su, ka nemi, ‘Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association)’ wanda za ka iya sauke shi daga wannan adireshin: https://t.me/elibrary_mobile/6658

Idan ka ga cewa kana dauke da daya daga cikin wadannan Mental Disorders din guda 6 tum ma ba 2-6 ba, to yakamata kaje kaga Psychiatrist domin ya binciki lafiyan ka da kyau. Mu sani cewa lafiya fa ba shine rashin cuta a jiki ba kaman ace jiwon kai, ciki, hawan jinni, sukari wato physical illness kenan, lafiya ta qunshi rashin physical illness da kuma rashin Mental Illness ko Mental Disorder. Saboda haka, samun dawwamammen Mental Health yana da matuqar muhimmanci saboda rashin shi zai iya haddasa ma mutum physical illness da yawa. Sai mu kula. Mental Disorder shi ne dai ake kira Mental Illness, ko Psychological Disorder ko Psychiatric Disorder.

Wanene Yakamata Ya Duba Mai Mental Disorder?

Da zaran mutum ya fuskanci cewa yana dauke da wani Mental Disorder ko kuwa wani nashi ne yake dauke da shi ko kuma daya daga cikin alamomin da na zayyana a sama (1-17)  sun bayyana sai a garzaya zuwa asibiti domin a ga likitan dabi’u da halayyan dan’Adam wato Psychiatrist. A wasu garuruwan, babu Psychiatrist kwata-kwata, a irin wannan yanayi, sai ka nemi Clinical Psychologist idan za ka samu amma dai Psychiatrist ne yafi cancanta mutum ya gani da farko kafin ganin Clinical Psychologist.

Domin qarin bayani a game da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da na tattauna, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai taken, ‘Mental Health Basics: Types of Mental Illness, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More’. https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health

Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:

Wasu Daga Cikin Mental Disorders Wadanda Suka Shafi Mata Kadai: PMDD & GPPPD

Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

Tagged : aljani / did / mental disorder / mental health / mpd