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The Power of Empathy: Nurturing Compassionate Connections in an Unempathetic World

by Salihu LukmanOctober 5, 2023Education / mental health2 Comments

The Power of Empathy: Nurturing Compassionate Connections in an Unempathetic World

By: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Highlights

The Essence of Empathy
What is Emotional Intelligence?
How Does Empathy Affect Emotional Intelligence?
Empathy and Personal Development
The Bright Triad
Exploitation of Empathy
Understanding Empathy in Mental Disorders
Raising Empathetic Children
Empathy in Interpersonal and Intimate Relationships

Introduction

Welcome to a thought-provoking exploration of empathy, a fundamental trait that shapes our relationships and influences our personal growth. In this article, we will delve into the significance of empathy, its impact on emotional intelligence, and how it can foster compassion, consideration, and overall kindness. We will also shed light on the unfortunate exploitation of empathetic individuals by certain personality patterns while offering insights into raising empathetic children and understanding the challenges faced by those with specific mental disorders. Join us on this journey as we uncover the profound role empathy plays in various interpersonal and intimate relationships.

The Essence of Empathy

Empathy, distinct from sympathy, is a powerful force that allows us to understand and share the genuine feelings of others. It serves as a cornerstone for emotional intelligence, enabling us to connect deeply with those around us. By embracing empathy, we become better equipped to navigate the complexities of human emotions, fostering harmonious relationships and personal growth.

What is Emotional Intelligence?

Emotional intelligence, often referred to as EQ (Emotional Quotient), is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. It involves being aware of our feelings, having empathy for others, and effectively using emotional information to guide our thoughts and actions.

Emotional intelligence is a valuable skill that can positively impact various aspects of life, including personal relationships, professional success, and overall well-being. It can be developed and improved through self-reflection, practice, and a willingness to understand and connect with others on an emotional level.

How Does Empathy Affect Emotional Intelligence?

Empathy plays a crucial role in emotional intelligence. It allows individuals to understand and share the feelings of others, which in turn helps them navigate social interactions and build meaningful relationships. By being empathetic, one can better recognize and respond to the emotions of others, leading to improved communication and conflict-resolution skills. Empathy also fosters a sense of compassion and understanding, which contributes to a more harmonious and empathetic society.

Here are three specific examples of how empathy affects emotional intelligence:

Improved Communication: When someone is empathetic, they actively listen and try to understand the emotions and perspectives of others. This allows them to communicate more effectively, as they can tailor their message to be more sensitive and considerate. By acknowledging and validating the emotions of others, empathetic individuals can create a safe and supportive environment for open dialogue.
Conflict Resolution: Empathy plays a vital role in resolving conflicts. By empathizing with the emotions and needs of all parties involved, individuals can find common ground and work towards a mutually beneficial solution. Empathy helps de-escalate tense situations, as it allows people to see beyond their own viewpoint and consider the feelings and perspectives of others involved.
Building Relationships: Empathy is a key ingredient in building strong and meaningful relationships. When someone is empathetic, they are more attuned to the emotions and needs of others, which helps foster trust and connection. By showing genuine care and understanding, empathetic individuals can create deeper bonds and establish a supportive network of relationships.

These are just a few examples of how empathy positively impacts emotional intelligence, leading to better communication, conflict resolution, and relationship-building skills.

Reno Omokri has this to say on the significance of EQ over and above IQ (Intelligence Quotient).

“IQ will help you pass exams, but it is EQ that will make you pass in life. That is why those who come first at school, hardly come first in life. Because in life, academics do not affect social dynamics. EQ or Emotional Intelligence helps you get along with people. When you have a high EQ, you are less irritable, fun to be with, and more tolerant. And your personality always affects your upward mobility.”

https://twitter.com/renoomokri/status/1673006959694577664

“IQ is what you know, EQ is how you use what you know. IQ is like a car, EQ is like the driver. You can have a very expensive car, but if you don’t know how to drive it, it’s useless.”

“EQ is the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. It’s the ability to build and maintain relationships, and to resolve conflict peacefully. EQ is more important than IQ in the workplace and in life.”

Empathy and Personal Development

Scoring high on empathy not only makes us better individuals but also enhances our ability to relate to others. It empowers us to offer genuine support, lend a listening ear, and provide comfort during challenging times. By nurturing empathy within ourselves and our children, we lay the foundation for a more compassionate and understanding society.

Here are three specific examples of how empathy improves personal development:

Self-awareness: Empathy allows individuals to understand and connect with the emotions of others. By practicing empathy, individuals can also develop a deeper understanding of their own emotions and motivations. This self-awareness helps in personal development by enabling individuals to recognize their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for growth. It allows them to reflect on their own actions and make positive changes to become more empathetic and compassionate individuals.
Emotional regulation: Empathy helps individuals develop better emotional regulation skills. When someone is empathetic, they are more attuned to the emotions of others and can recognize and understand their own emotions more effectively. This awareness and understanding of emotions enable individuals to regulate their own emotional responses in a healthier and more constructive manner. By practicing empathy, individuals can learn to manage stress, handle conflicts, and respond to challenging situations with greater emotional intelligence.
Perspective-taking: Empathy involves putting oneself in someone else’s shoes and seeing the world from their perspective. This ability to take different perspectives helps in personal development by broadening one’s understanding of the world and fostering a more open-minded and inclusive mindset. By practicing empathy, individuals can challenge their own biases and assumptions, develop a greater appreciation for diversity, and become more adaptable and flexible in their thinking.

These are just a few examples of how empathy improves personal development by enhancing self-awareness, emotional regulation, and perspective-taking skills. By cultivating empathy, individuals can grow personally and become more compassionate and understanding individuals.

The ‘Bright Triad’

The ‘Bright Triad’ is my coinage, taking a cue from the Dark Triad of narcissism (Narcissism, Marchiavellianism, Psychopathy) which I elaborated on in one of the 6-part series I wrote on narcissist and narcissistic relationships (https://salihulukman.com/part-5-narcissist-zuma-ga-zaqi-ga-harbi-marmari-daga-nesa/). The Bright Triad here includes empathy, emotional intelligence, and non-judgmental. These represent 3 bright attributes that one should strive to nurture and score high on each one of them, and they are closely interrelated.

Empathy is closely related to emotional intelligence and being non-judgmental. Emotional intelligence involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. Empathy is a key component of emotional intelligence as it allows individuals to connect with and understand the emotions of others.

Being non-judgmental is an important aspect of empathy and emotional intelligence. When someone is non-judgmental, they suspend their personal biases and preconceived notions, allowing them to truly empathize with others without passing judgment. This open-mindedness and acceptance create a safe space for individuals to express their emotions freely, knowing that they will be understood and supported.

By practicing empathy and being non-judgmental, individuals can enhance their emotional intelligence. They become more attuned to the emotions of others, better equipped to manage their own emotions, and capable of fostering positive and supportive relationships. This combination of empathy, emotional intelligence, and non-judgmental attitude contributes to a more compassionate and understanding society.

Exploitation of Empathy

Regrettably, certain personality patterns, such as narcissists and psychopaths, may exploit empathetic individuals for their own gain. I have explored how these antagonistic personalities manipulate, exploit, and take advantage of empathetic traits and, shed light on the importance of setting healthy boundaries to protect yourself in my previous article titled, “The Dark Side of Niceness: How Narcissists Exploit and Manipulate”, available at:

https://salihulukman.com/the-dark-side-of-niceness-how-narcissists-exploit-and-manipulate/

Understanding Empathy in Mental Disorders

I will explore how certain mental disorders, such as narcissistic personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, borderline personality disorder, and bipolar disorder, can impact empathy. By gaining insights into these conditions, we can foster empathy and compassion towards individuals who may struggle to express or understand emotions in conventional ways.

Some people think that narcissists don’t have empathy at all. Well, their type of empathy – like all their other traits – is complicated. Narcissistic empathy, also known as “pseudo-empathy,” refers to a distorted or superficial form of empathy often exhibited by individuals with narcissistic personality traits. While narcissists may appear empathetic on the surface, their empathy tends to be self-serving, and driven by their own needs for admiration, control, or personal gain. This is also called transactional empathy.

Narcissistic empathy is characterized by a lack of genuine understanding or concern for the emotions and experiences of others. Instead, narcissists may mimic empathy to manipulate or exploit others for their own benefit. In other words, narcissists weaponize empathy. They may use selective empathy to appear caring when it aligns with their self-interests, but their empathy is typically inconsistent and lacks depth.

It is important to note that not all individuals with narcissistic traits exhibit this form of empathy, and the degree of narcissism can vary. However, when narcissistic empathy is present, it can hinder genuine emotional connection and lead to manipulative or exploitative behaviors in relationships. For a better understanding of narcissism and narcissistic empathy, watch the YouTube videos of the world’s number 1 expert on narcissism, Dr. Ramani Durvasula, a former professor of clinical psychology, who releases a daily video on narcissism and narcissistic relationships on her YouTube channel called, Dr. Ramani.

For a deeper treatment of narcissistic traits, I have written a 6-part series on narcissists recently in the Hausa language titled, “Narcissist – Zuma Ga Zaqi Ga Harbi, Marmari Daga Nesa”, where I unboxed the ABCs of narcissists with clear examples and demonstrations. You can find the articles here:

https://salihulukman.com/my-posts/page/2/

Next, is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A person with BPD has unstable empathy which changes like a roller-coaster. Sometimes, he will appear hyper-empathetic and at other times, he can show no empathy at all. Just like his unstable sense of self or self-image which keeps on changing from time to time, so does his empathy.

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often struggle with expressing or understanding empathy in conventional ways due to the unique challenges they face. BPD is a complex mental health condition characterized by intense emotional experiences, unstable relationships, and a distorted sense of self. Here are a few reasons why individuals with BPD may struggle with empathy:

Emotional Dysregulation: People with BPD often experience intense and rapidly shifting emotions, which can make it challenging for them to regulate their own emotions, let alone understand and respond to the emotions of others. This emotional dysregulation can hinder their ability to empathize in conventional ways.
Fear of Abandonment: Individuals with BPD commonly have a deep fear of abandonment, which can lead to difficulties in empathizing with others. Their fear and insecurity may cause them to be overly focused on their own emotional needs, making it challenging to fully understand or connect with the emotions of others.
Splitting and Idealization/Devaluation: BPD is associated with a pattern of splitting, where individuals may see others as either all good or all bad, i.e. purely white or black without any shades of grey in between. This black-and-white thinking can make it difficult to empathize with others, as they may struggle to see the nuances and complexities of different emotions or perspectives.

It is important to note that while individuals with BPD may struggle with empathy in conventional ways, it does not mean they are incapable of empathy altogether. With appropriate therapy and support, individuals with BPD can learn to develop and express empathy in more effective and healthy ways.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and bipolar disorder may face challenges in expressing or understanding empathy in conventional ways due to the following reasons:

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): People with OCPD tend to be overly focused on rules, morals, order, and perfectionism. They are also workaholics. This intense preoccupation with control, work, and rigid thinking patterns can make it difficult for them to empathize with others’ emotions or perspectives. Their attention is often directed toward their own concerns and maintaining a sense of control, which can hinder their ability to connect emotionally with others, especially in an intimate relationship.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Individuals with ASD often have difficulties with social communication and interaction. They may struggle to understand and interpret nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language, which are important for empathetic understanding. These factors can make it harder for individuals with ASD to express or comprehend empathy in conventional ways.
Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, including periods of elevated or manic moods and depressive episodes. During manic episodes, individuals may experience heightened self-focus, irritability, and impulsivity, which can make it challenging for them to fully engage in empathetic responses. Conversely, during depressive episodes, individuals may struggle with their own emotional well-being, making it difficult to extend empathy toward others.

It is important to note that these are general observations, and each individual’s experience may vary. It is always best to consult with mental health professionals for a comprehensive understanding of how these conditions may impact empathy in specific cases.

Raising Empathetic Children

Parents play a crucial role in instilling empathy in their children. I will discuss various strategies and techniques to raise highly empathetic children, emphasizing the importance of modeling empathy, encouraging perspective-taking, and fostering emotional intelligence. By equipping our children with empathy, we empower them to navigate the complexities of relationships with kindness and understanding.

Here are some strategies and techniques to raise highly empathetic children, with an emphasis on modeling empathy, encouraging perspective-taking, and fostering emotional intelligence:

Model Empathy: Children learn by observing and imitating their caregivers. By consistently demonstrating empathy in your own interactions and relationships, you provide a powerful example for your child to follow. Show kindness, understanding, and compassion towards others, and explain your actions to help them understand the importance of empathy.
Encourage Perspective-Taking: Help children develop the ability to see things from another person’s point of view. Encourage them to consider how others might be feeling in different situations. Engage in conversations that explore different perspectives and encourage empathy by asking questions like, “How do you think they might be feeling?” or “What would you do if you were in their shoes?”
Teach Emotional Literacy: Help children identify and understand their own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. Use age-appropriate language to label emotions and discuss their causes and effects. Encourage them to express their feelings and validate their experiences. This helps children develop emotional intelligence and empathy by recognizing and understanding emotions in themselves and others.
Practice Active Listening: Teach children the importance of active listening, which involves giving their full attention to others and showing genuine interest in their thoughts and feelings. Encourage them to ask open-ended questions and reflect on what they’ve heard. This helps children develop empathy by truly understanding and connecting with others.
Promote Kindness and Compassion: Create opportunities for children to engage in acts of kindness and compassion. Encourage them to help others, volunteer, or engage in activities that promote empathy and understanding. Highlight the positive impact their actions can have on others, reinforcing the value of empathy in making a difference in the world.

Remember, raising empathetic children is an ongoing process that requires patience, consistency, and reinforcement. By modeling empathy, encouraging perspective-taking, and fostering emotional intelligence, you can help cultivate empathy as a core value in your child’s life.

Empathy in Interpersonal and Intimate Relationships

Empathy forms the bedrock of healthy relationships, be it between couples, colleagues, friends, teachers, or leaders. I will delve into how a lack of empathy can manifest in these relationships, leading to misunderstandings, conflicts, and emotional disconnection. By recognizing the importance of empathy, we can cultivate stronger bonds and create a more empathetic and supportive environment.

When there is a lack of empathy in relationships, it can lead to various challenges and negative outcomes. Here are some ways in which a lack of empathy can manifest in different types of relationships:

Couples: In a romantic relationship, a lack of empathy can result in misunderstandings and emotional disconnection. Without the ability to understand and validate each other’s emotions, partners may struggle to communicate effectively and meet each other’s needs. This can lead to conflicts, feelings of neglect, and a breakdown in intimacy.
Colleagues: In a professional setting, a lack of empathy among colleagues can create a hostile work environment. Without understanding and considering each other’s perspectives and emotions, conflicts may arise, teamwork may suffer, and collaboration may become challenging. This can negatively impact productivity, job satisfaction, and overall work atmosphere.
Friends: Lack of empathy among friends can strain relationships and lead to emotional disconnection. Without the ability to empathize, friends may struggle to provide support and understanding during difficult times. This can result in feelings of isolation, resentment, and a gradual breakdown of the friendship.
Teachers: A lack of empathy in teachers can hinder effective communication and understanding with students. Without empathetic guidance and support, students may feel misunderstood, unimportant, or unsupported. This can impact their motivation, engagement, and overall learning experience.
Leaders: Leaders who lack empathy may struggle to connect with their team members and understand their needs and concerns. This can lead to a lack of trust, reduced morale, and decreased productivity. Empathy is crucial for effective leadership, as it helps leaders make informed decisions, inspire their team, and create a positive work environment.

In all these relationships, a lack of empathy can contribute to misunderstandings, conflicts, and emotional disconnection. Empathy is essential for fostering understanding, building trust, and maintaining healthy relationships.

Conclusion

Empathy is a transformative trait that holds immense power in shaping our personal growth and relationships. By embracing empathy, we enhance our emotional intelligence, foster compassion, and create a more understanding world. Let us embark on this journey together, as we strive to nurture empathy within ourselves, our children, and our communities, ultimately making the world a better place for all. Remember, the best thing we can instill in our children is empathy. This will help us to nib narcissism in the bud, thereby making the world a better place to live.

Salihu Lukman is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia.

Tsananin Fushi Da Bala’in Kishi, Me Yake Jawo Su? Borderline Personality Disorder & Obsessive Love Disorder

by Salihu LukmanJanuary 9, 2023January 14, 2023Education / mental healthLeave a Comment

Tare Da: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Gabatarwa

Shin ko kai mai tsananin fushi ne da saurin hasala (short fuse)? Ko kuwa kana da bala’in kishin da yake hana ka sukuni ko kuwa yake kawo maka husuma tsakanin ka iyalin ka? Ko kuwa ana siffanta yanda ka ke maida martani idan an tsokano ka da cewa kana qirqiran dutse ne babba daga tudun tawadar Allah (make a mountain out of mole-hill) wato kana maida martani da abin da ya ninninka tsokanan da akayi ma (disproportionate reaction)? Ko kuwa kana da kishi irin wanda ko namijin quda ba ka so ya sauka a kan matan ka, ko kuma macen da ke sa mijin ta sai ya saka takunkumin fuska (Face Mask) idan zai fita waje saboda kada wasu matan su ganshi? Ire-iren wadannan alamomin da ma wasu da dama zan tattauna a cikin wannan rubutun.

Me Ake Nufi Da Personality Disorders (PDs)?

Kaman yanda na yi bayani a baya cewa Mental Disorder yana nufin tattaruwan wasu alamomi wadanda suke iya jirkitar da yanayin da mutum yake tsinkayan abubuwa da kuma yanda ya ke tunani da mu’amala da mutane. Irin wadannan alamomin suna saka mutum ya shiga cikin matsanancin damuwa (subjective distress) sannan kuma suna janyo matsala ko naqasa (impairment) a game da yanda mutum yake mu’amala da iyalin shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi (wato a gida), da abokan aikin shi ko kuma abokan karantun shi (pervasive). Irin wadannan alamomin za su iya jimawa mutum yana fuskantan su (persistent), ko kuma a wani lokaci sai su zo gadan-gadan kaman saukan ruwan sama (relapse) daga baya kuma sai su yi likimo kaman anyi ruwan an dauke (remission).

Ka tuntubi wannan rubutun nawa domin qarin bayani akan mental Disorders:

https://salihulukman.com/menene-mental-health-da-kuma-mental-disorders-tare-da-jiga-jigan-misalai/

Wadannan Mental Disorders din sun kasu gida-gida kaman Mood Disorders (mun yi bayanin wasu daga cikin su a baya – Depression da Bipolar), Anxiety Disorders (kaman su Phobias – tsananin jin tsoron wani abu kaman magye, ko qadangare), Sleep-Wake Disorders, Sexual Dysfunctions, Schizophrenia Spectrum, Paraphilic Disorders (kaman ‘yan daudu, da ‘yan luwadi ko madigo [daga baya turawa sun cire homosexuality da lesbianism daga cikin Mental Disorders saboda makirci], da masu kwanciya da ‘yan yara), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCDs), Personality Disorders, da dai sauran su.

Daga duk wadannan gida-gidan na Mental Disorders dinnan, Personality Disorder (PD) yana cikin wadanda suka fi wuyan sha’ani kuma suke da matuqar wahalarwa – su wahalar da mai dauke da su sannan kuma su wahalar da wanda yake mu’amala da mai dauke da su. Personality Disorders sun karkasu kashi 10 amma ana tsara su a gida 3 wato Cluster A (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal PDs), Cluster B (Histrionic, Borderline, Narcissistic, Anti-social PDs) da Cluster C (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive PDs). Kusan dukkanin su, suna dauke da wasu dabi’u da halayyan da suka saba ma al’ada sannan kuma wadannan kausasan halin dole ya kasance mutum yana tare da su ne tun sanda ya zama dan saurayi wato adolescent kaman dan shekara 13-19 har izuwa sanda zai mallaki hankalin kansa wato Adult wanda yake kamawa daga shekara 18 ko kuma 21. Mu fahimci cewa balaga (Puberty – yana faruwa a shekara 10 – 13) daban yake da zama Adult. Yawancin lokuta, Personality Disorder yana tabbatuwa ne ga dan’Adam daga shekara 21 zuwa 25 kaman yanda Dr. Ramani Durvasula ta fada.

Yaya Ake Gane Borderline Personality Disorder?

A yau za mu tattauna ne akan Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), yana daga cikin Cluster B Personality Disorders, kuma a duk Mental Disorders rankatakaf din su babu wanda aka fi yin nazari akan shi irin BPD kuma yana daya cikin wadanda suka fi rikitarwa. Ga wasu daga cikin alamomin shi.

Tsananin qoqarin gujema rabuwa (fear of abandonment, separation or rejection). Wannan yana daya daga cikin manya-manyan matsalan mai BPD a inda zai dunga hassala idan kaman ace ya kira matan sa amma sai bata sami daman daukan wayan shi ba a lokacin da ya kira.
Tabbatar da alaqa mai tsananin shaquwa a tsakanin shi da sauran mutane ko wanda yake so amma kuma wannan alaqan sai ta kasance mara tabbas saboda zata iya canzawa nan da nan daga shaquwa zuwa mummuna (idealization and devaluation, splitting, black and white thought, zero or hero).
Rashin tabbatuwa a abin da mutum ya saka a gaba ko ya qudurce a ran shi (unstable self-image or identity disturbance). A irin wannan yanayin, mutum sai ya kasance ba shi da tabbatuwa a abin da yake so ya cimma buri a rayuwarsa, sai ya dunga saurin cancanza aikin da ya ke son yi, ko ra’ayin shi akan abubuwan da ya tabbatu akai a baya. Wani zai iya canza abokan shi, ko kuma ma jinsin shi gabadaya ko yin ridda ko kuma ya ce babu Allah gabadaya (Atheist) ko kuma ya samu shakka kan akwai Allah ko kuwa babu shi (Agnostic) bayan a baya ya yi imani da Allah sosai kuma mai bin addini ne.
Yin aikin bazata wadanda za su iya cutar da mutum a aqalla wurare 2: caca, kashe-kashen kudi ta hanyar almubazzaranci, cin abinci da ya wuce qima, shaye-shayen kwaya, tuqin ganganci, ko kuma saduwan da babu aminci ko neman mata (impulsivity).
Yawan yunqurin kashe kan ka, ko nuna alamun haka ko kuma yin barazanan kashe kai ko jin ma kan ka ciwo ta hanyar yanka kan ka ko qona kan ka (recurrent suicidality).
Saurin jin fushi ko damuwa ko qaruwan buqun zuciya saboda wani abu da ya faru a tsakanin shi da sauran mutane. Irin wannan yanayi yana iya jimawa har ‘yan wasu awanni kadan ko kuma kwanaki kadan (affective instability).
Jin qiwuyan yin duk wani abu da zai amfane ka ko zai taimaka maka wajen cin ma burin ka na rayuwa tare da rashin jin sha’awan aikata komai sannan kuma sai ka yi ta neman abin da zakayi (chronic feelings of emptiness). Ga shi kana da abubuwan yi da yawa kuma kana da lokacin yin su amma kuma kash, ba ka jin sha’awan aikata su kwata-kwata sai ka dunga jin matsanancin qiyuwa.
Nuna bala’in fushin da ya wuce qima a bainar jama’a (short fuse & over-reactive) sannan kuma tare da rashin iya sarrafa fushi matuqar aka tsokano ka ko dan ya ya ne kuwa (inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger). Mutum zai ta habaici ko barin zance ko fade-fade matuqar ya qudurci cewa ba a kula da shi yanda ya kamata ko kuma ana so a rabu da shi. Amma kuma daga baya sai mutum ya ji kunyar abinda ya aikata tare da nadama. Mutum har doke-doke yana iya yi a wani lokuta saboda tsaban bacin rai. Duk wadannan alamomin suna faruwa a sanda aka tsokano mutum ba wai haka nan kawai ba.
Jin zargin cewa mutane suna nufin ka da sharri ne ko kuma suna yi da kai ne bayan a haqiqa ba haka ba ne tare da jin kaman gangan cikin ka ya fita daga jikin ka wato kaman kana kallon kan ka ne a bidiyo saboda wani abun tada hankali da ya faru ko kuma tunanin cewa za a rabu da kai (paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms). Wannan alamomin suna faruwa ne a cikin daqiqai kadai zuwa ‘yan awanni a wasu lokuta.

Idan Psychiatrist ya duba ka ya ga cewa kana dauke da alamomi aqalla 5 daga cikin 9, to sannan ne zai ce kana dauke da Borderline Personality Disorder. Wadannan alamomi 9 za ku ga cewa suna da kama sosai da alamomin Depression (Major Depression Disorder) wadanda na yi cikakken bayanin su a baya.

https://salihulukman.com/cikakken-bayani-a-kan-yanda-za-ka-gane-me-dauke-da-depression-mdd-ko-bipolar-disorder-bd/.

A sabili da hakane, mafi yawancin wadanda suke dauke da BPD to za a ga cewa suna dauke da Depression (MDD) kuma. BPD yana yawan haduwa da Dissociative Identity Disorder wato abinda muka fi sani da ciwon aljanu. A wani bincike ya nuna cewa 80 % na mutane masu BPD to suna da MDD. Sannan kuma BPD ya fi shafan mata a inda mata suka dauki kaso 75 % a wani bincike.

Domin samun qarin bayani a game da BPD, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Ramani Durvasula mai suna, ‘How to Spot the 9 Traits of Borderline Personality Disorder’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to5qRLRSS7g

Sannan kuma zai yi matuqar kyau a ce ka hada da bidiyon da take yin bayani a game da karkasuwan BPD zuwa gidaje 4, ‘How to Spot the 4 Types of Borderline Personality Disorder’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNi9bEeFOQU

Sannan kuma za mu ga cewa alamomin Bipolar Disorder ma suna da yanayi da na BPD amma kuma ba daya suke ba. Manyan bambance-bambance a tsakanin su sune kaman haka: (1) Saurin fusata da damuwa da mai BPD yake shiga yana faruwa ne bayan an tsokano shi, shi kuma mai Bipolar yana jin wadannan alamomin ne ba tare da an tsokane shi ba. (2) Halin da mutum ke shiga na fusata da damuwa yafi dadewa a wajen wanda yake da Bipolar a inda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wannan mummunan halin na tsawon kwanaki da yawa shi ko mai BPD bai cika wuce awanni ba zuwa ‘yan kwanaki kadan. Amma kuma kusani cewa mutum daya zai yiwu ya kasance yana dauke da BPD tare da Bipolar – tabdijan! Babban goro sai magogin qarfe. Allah Ya qara mana lafiya, amin. Haka zalika, a yawancin lokuta, za ka samu cewa mai dauke da BPD yana samun matsalan yin bacci sosai da daddare. Sai ya kasance a farke har zuwa 2 ko 4 na tsakan dare sannan ne zai iya yin bacci. Daga nan kuma tashin shi sai kusan 12 na rana ko ma 1 PM. A taqaice yawancin masu BPD za ka ga cewa suna dauke da Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome (DSPS) wanda yake wani bangare ne na Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder.

Domin samun qarin bayani a game da alaqan BPD da sauran Mental Disorders kaman Bipolar, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Ramani Durvasula mai take, ‘Borderline Personality Disorder [The Co-Occurring Disorders You Should Know]’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZM8KMLFQm8

Ka karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, ‘Borderline Personality Disoder’ domin samun qarin bayani a game BPD.

https://www.healthline.com/health/borderline-personality-disorder

Yanda BPD Yake Shafan Rayuwan Dalibi

Saboda yanda mai dauke da BPD yake da saurin canza ra’ayi ko manufa tare da daukaka abu (idealization) da kuma saurin durqusar da shi (devaluation) idan wani abu kadan ya bata mishi rai, za ka cewa dalibi mai dauke da BPD yana canje-canjen abin da yake karantawa wato course a jami’ah ko kuma makarantar da yake gaba da secondary wato Tertiary Institution. A yau sai ya ji cewa babu course din da yake so a duk duniya irin course din da yake yi, sai kuma bayan wani lokaci kawai ya ji kuma cewa son course din ta fice daga ransa wata kila saboda yana tunanin cewa abokan sa dalibai ko malamin sa baya son sa, yanzu kuma ya canza sheqa, ya koma qaunar wata course din dabam. Idan ya sami dama, za ka cewa zai yi ta canje-canje na course din da ya ke karantawa a makaranta. A wannan halin kuma, namiji ne ko mace, za su iya zama sun tsunduma a cikin yin zinace-zinace na dan wani qanqanin lokaci ko kuma su jima a cikin wannan yanayi wasu kuma su tsunduma kallon abubuwan batsa (pornography) tare istim’na’i (masturbation) a matsayin hanya na kauce ma zinace-zinace a sabili da rashin jin sha’awan yin wani aiki ko kuma jin kadaici. Irin wadannan abubuwan suna sa su ji dadi ne na dan wani lokaci. Wasu sukan tsunduma a harkan shaye-shaye wanda daga qarshe sai su kasa kammala karatun na su wanda suka fara a cikin sa’a da jajircewa da hazaqa. Sai ya kasance kodai a kore su ko kuma carryovers sun yi musu yawan da ba za su iya gama karatun ba saboda daina zuwa aji kwata-kwata ko kuma su ji karatun ya fita daga ran su kwata-kwata haka kawai bas ai da shaye-shaye ba. Haka zai iya faruwa da su a zangon qarshe na karatun su a inda za su sha da kyar, ko kuma su sami mafi munin sakamako tun da suka fara karatun saboda rashin sha’awan yin karatun. Da kyar na sha, ya fi da kyar aka kamani. Idan kuma har ya kasance yana yin samartaka da ‘yan mata, to zai kasance mai tsilla-tsilla ne, a yau yana tare da wance a gobe kuma ya canza sheqa ya koma wajen wata daban. Da budurwa ta yi mai wani abu dan kadan, sai ya fusata ya ce ma ya fasa yin soyayyan da ita sai ya qara gaba. Wani ma za a iya sa mai rana amma ya fasa ko kuma ranar daurin auren ya kusa amma kuma ya ce ya fasa. Haka zalika idan ma mace ce mai BPD, duk irin wadannan alamomin za su iya bayyana a tattare da ita.

A wani lokacin kuma, mutum zai dunga jin ciwon jiki ne ko kuma ciwon kai amma kuma duk gwajin asibiti da za a yi mishi sai akasa ganin wata cuta a cikin sakamakon gwajin. Irin wannan Somatic Symptom din yana iya sa dalibi ya kasa tabuka abin kirki a harkan karatun nasa saboda a kullum ba shi da lafiya. Somatic Symptom na daya daga cikin alamomin Depression kaman yanda na yi bayani a baya, haka kuma mai BPD zai iya jin wannan alaman.

Domin qarin bayani, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, ‘Borderline Personality Disorder and College Success’.

https://www.verywellmind.com/borderline-personality-disorder-affects-college-success-425366

Ka kalli firan BBC Hausa wanda sukayi da wani dalibi a cikin shirin su mai suna Mahangar Zamani mai take, ‘Abin da ke jawo tsananin damuwa’. Wasu daga cikin alamonin BPD sun bayyana a tare da wannan dalibin.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEQynf-aILU&list=PLCfFSW2fG_AxvSRUQNsmMhBhJJBdlW9R0&index=20

Yanda BPD Yake Shafan Rayuwan Ma’aikaci

BPD na shafan rayuwan ma’aikaci ta bangare biyu.

(1) Da farko mutum sai ya ji cewa yana matuqar qaunan wannan aikin na shi har ya fahimci cewa maigidan shi na matuqar son shi amma da zaran wani abu ya faru kaman ace maigidan shi ya yi mai fada agame da abin da ya shafi aikin sai ya ji cewa maigidan nan nashi ya tsane shi kuma. Sai kuma gabadaya aikin ya fita daga ranshi, daga qarshe sai ya ajiye wannan aikin ya nemi wani daban. Haka za ka ga mai BPD yana ta canza aikin shi saboda yanda yake da saurin samun gamsuwa da abokan aikin shi ko kuma maigidan shi wanda daga baya kuma da zaran dan wani abu ya shiga tsakanin shi da su, to sai ya ajiye aikin kawai ya qara gaba. Haka kuma zai iya kasancewa mai yawan husuma da sauran ma’aikata ‘yan’uwan shi ko kuma da shugaban shi saboda abu ba abu ba sai ya dauki fushi daga nan kuma sai fada ta kaure.

(2) Daga cikin kashe-kashe na BPD, akwai wanda baya ajiye aikin shi, amma kuma saboda yanda yake da saurin cancanza manufan shi da abin da yake so da wanda ba ya so (likes and dislikes), to sai ka ga cewa ya kasa yin abinda zai sami cigaba a wajen aikin wato Promotion. Sai ya kasance na bayan shi duk sun taso sun wuce shi a matsayi. Wannan zai iya sa mishi damuwa sosai ganin yanda kowa yake cigaba shi kuma yana nan jiya-i-yau amma kuma babban matsalan shine ko da ace ya yunquro yana son yayi abinda zai kawo mai promotion kaman rubutun maqala ko yin bincike ga malaman jami’a (lecturers) sai ya ji gabadaya ba ya sha’awan yin haka, daga qarshe sai ya kasa tabuka komai duk da cewa mai qoqari ne da hazaqa. A irin wannan yanayi kuma, za ka cewa yana yawan canza ra’ayin shi a game da aikin da yasa a gaba. Zai iya zama ya taqarqare ya jajirce akan wani aikin daban wanda bai shafi aikin shi na office ba kwata-kwata, amma kuma ya kasa tabuka komai a game da aikin shi na office sai dan da kyar. A wani lokacin ma, sai mutane su yi zaton cewa an yi mai sammu ne a wajen aikin shi yasa ya kasa cigaba.

Domin qarin bayani, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Employment’.

https://www.verywellmind.com/example-of-bpd-at-work-425151

Da kuma, ‘Having a Career With Borderline Personality Disorder’.

https://www.verywellmind.com/bpd-and-career-choices-425401

Yanda BPD Yake Shafan Rayuwan Maigida

A gaskiya wannan kadai ya kamata ya zama maqale ne mai zaman kan shi saboda muhimmancin shi amma zan yi qoqarin taqaitawa iya iyawa na. Da farko akwai tsananin gajin haquri. Idan maigida mai dauke da BPD ya kira uwargida ta waya sai ya kasance bata samu daman daukan wayan ba a lokacin da ya kira saboda wani uziri (kila tana wajen aiki, ko bata ga kiran shi din ba ma, ko ta na da wani uzirin na daban), ko kuma ya tura mata da saqon karta kwana wato SMS ko kuma ta WhatsApp sai ta yi jinkirin bashi amsa saboda wani uziri karbabbiya, to daga nan sai maigidan kawai ya dauki zafi ya fusata ya yi tsammanin cewa bata girmama shi ne ko kuma tana so ne ta wulaqanta shi shi yasa ta qi daukan wayan na sa ko kuma ta qi amsa mai saqon shi nan da nan. Daga nan saboda tsananin fushi, wani maigidan sai kawai yace ya saki matan shi. Dama kuma, masu BPD suna da saurin yin saki akan abin da bai taka kara ya karya ba saboda a wurin su matsala qarama za tayi ta ruruwa (rumination) tana qara girma a ransu har sai ta fi dutsen Uhudu girma, sannan sai su maida martani da kwatankwacin yanda abin ya girmama a cikin ransu (disproportionate reaction). To a ina za mu saka masu auri saki? Ba ma wannan ba kadai, idan maigida ya aiki uwargida ko ya sa ta yi mai wani abu sai ta tsaya yin wani abun koda kuwa yana da muhimmanci, yanzunnan sai maigida ya hassalo ya harzuqo ya nemi yin ma uwargida kaca-kaca saboda shi a na shi fassaran, uwargida ta raina shi ne ko kuma bata son bin umurnin shi saboda shi bai isa ba (judgmental and devaluation). Haka nan idan aka saka lokacin yin wani abu, kaman zuwa dauko uwargida daga anguwa ko kuma lokacin fita zuwa wani anguwa, duk yanda aka dan yi latti, to fa akwai matsala domin ta inda zai shiga ba ta nan zai fita ba wato zai ta yin luguden masifa ko kuma fushi mai tsanani. Zai kuma iya sa maigida yawan ficewa daga groups na Social Media kaman WhatsApp da zaran ya fassara cewa ana kyale shi ko kuma ana yin posts din da suke bata mishi rai. A wani lokacin kuma sai ya ji cewa ba ya jin amsa kiran waya, ko amsa saqon SMS ko WhatApp ko email ko kuma ya kashe wayan gabadaya har na wani lokaci ba dan wulaqanci ba ko wani abu sai dai kawai baya jin amsawa ne amma mutane sai su yi mai fassara da wulaqanci ne yasa haka.

Kaman yanda sabon bincike ya nuna cewa mai BPD zai yiwu yana da qarin yawan sinadarin qarfin mazakuntan namiji wato Testosterone. Saboda haka, wannan sinadarin zai qara ma maigida sha’awa sosai har ya fi na galibin sauran maza idan har yana da yawan Testosterone. Saboda haka uwargida sai ta miqe da gaske wajen biyan buqatan maigida a gado idan ba haka ba kuma to fa akwai matsala domin kuwa maigida zai iya tafiya Qaraye wato ya yi ma uwargida kishiya domin biyan buqatan shi. Wani maigidan ma saboda tsaban jin sha’awa, da zai iya tsayar da al’adan matan shi ya kasance ta daina yin al’ada kwata-kwata to da ya aikata hakan.

Amma fa bayan duk wadannan matsalolin na maigida mai dauke da BPD, za ku ga cewa mai dauke da BPD yana da tsananin nuna soyayya, da tausayi tare kula da uwargida yanda ya kamata. Kawai dai uwargida dole ta dinga tafiya ne kaman tana kan kwai domin kar ya fashe. Idan kuwa har maigida ya fusata, to idan a da yana kiran uwargida da sunaye masu dadi kaman My Life, My Sweetie, My Honey, to fa zai canza ya koma kiran ta da My Problem, My Trouble, ko kuma yace maman wane ko wance kawai ko kuma ma ya kira ta da gundarin sunan ta ko kuma ya hana lamban ta daga shigowa wayan shi (blocking). Mai BPD yana da matuqar taimako. Zai iya tsayar da duk wani harkoki na shi domin ya ga cewa ya taimaka ma wanda ya ke da buqata tun ma ba idan akan abinda yake da matuqar ra’ayi a kai ba ne. Zai iya tsayawa kai da fata wajen ganin ya warware ma mutum matsalan da ke damun shi wanda kuma a sanadiyyar haka, sai ya iya samun kan shi a halin damuwa saboda a wani lokacin kuma, a wajen bada taimakon sai a bata mishi rai sai kuma ya shiga halin fushi. Miji mai BPD baya son qorafi ko naci akan qanqanan abubuwa saboda yanzunnan zai iya harzuqa, kuma harzuqan shi ba abin so bane saboda Allah kadai Ya san inda zai tsaya idan har ya hau sama. A taqaice dai duk macen da za ta zauna da mai BPD to fa sai ta kai zuciya nesa, sannan ta kiyaye shi da kyau idan ba haka ba kuwa to wallahi komai na iya faruwa saboda fushin mai BPD ba shi da linzami. Daya daga babban matsalan BPD shine wanda yake dauke da shi yana ganin cewa shi lafiyan shi qalau, a koda yaushe sai ya dunga dora laifin ga sauran mutane amma da wuya zai ga laifin shi (projection and lack of insight). A dalilin haka ne sai matsalolin su yi ta taruwa suna habbakuwa har sai sanda Allah zai kawo dauki a gane abin da yake damun shi. Idan ba haka kuwa, to akwai kwamacala. BPD na daya daga cikin Mental Disorders wadanda ake iya samun nasaran shawo kansu sosai idan aka je asibiti. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) shine hanyar magance BPD.

Yanda BPD Yake Shafan Rayuwan Uwargida

Tabdijan! A ce uwargida ne ke dauke da BPD, ai matsala ta samu babba. Saboda mafi yawancin yanda maigida mai BPD ya ke yi to fa haka ita ma uwargida za ta kasance. Kaman yanda muka sani cewa a musulunce, maigida ne jagoran gida wato shine shugaban gida. Ya za ka ji a matsayin ka na maigida idan uwargida ta bude maka wuta domin ta kira ka ba ka dauka ba saboda wani uziri ko kuma ta turo maka da saqo baka bata amsa ba nan take? Wannan babban matsala ne a gaskiya a zamantakewan aure, saboda maigida shi zai ga cewa uwargida ta raina shi ne kawai shi yasa take saurin daukan fushi ko bude mai wuta akan abin da bai taka kara ya karya ba wanda hakan na iya kawo husuma mai tsanani a tsakanin maigida da uwargida. A wasu lokutan, duk yanda uwargida ta so ta danne bala’in fushin da ke cinta a zuciya sai ta kasa. Sai ta saki bala’in buhu-buhu sannan sannan za ta iya komawa ta numfasa. A irin wannan halin, dole maigida shi kuma ya yi ta haquri da halayyar uwargida saboda a irin wannan yanayin za ka ga cewa kusan babu abin da zai yi ne wanda zai sa uwargida ta daina bude mai wuta sai dai idan bata ji cewa ana kyale ta ba ko kuma ba a kula da ita ko kuma ma duk wani abun da zata riya ta sauwara shi a cikin kwakwalwanta. Su ma mata masu BPD an gano cewa suna iya kasancewa dauke da sinadarin Testosterone mai yawan da ya dora akan yanda aka saba, wannan ke nuni da cewa suma za su iya zama masu sha’awan da yafi na daidaikun sauran mata. Wani binciken ma ya alaqanta PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Sydrome) da BPD a inda ake ganin cewa duk macen da aka gano cewa tana da PCOS, to ya kamata a duba ta a gani ko ta na dauke da BPD kuma. Shi dai PCOS gamayyan wasu alamomi ne wadanda suke shafan mata har su kai ga hana su haihuwa tare da tsawaita musu yanda al’adan ke zuwa wato a madadin wata daya sai su kai har kwanaki 35 koma fiye da haka.

Domin qarin bayani, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Daniel Fox (Professor ne na Clinical Psychology a America), wanda ya ke daya daga cikin manyan masana a duniya a abinda ya shafi BPD. ‘Do You Have PCOS? Here’s What You Need to Know About PCOS & BPD’

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftfsSXm1M&list=LL&index=1

Kamar yanda maigida mai dauke da BPD yake da saurin yin saki ko kuma tunanin yin saki ko kuma yunqurin yin saki, to haka ma uwargida mai BPD take. Za ka ga cewa tana da saurin yin yaji ko kuma ta ce ma maigida ya sake ta ko kuma barazanan barin gidan kwata-kwata da zaran wani abu dan kadan ya shiga a tsakanin ta da maigida. A irin haka, za ta iya kasancewa mai aure-aure saboda saurin daukan fushi da yanke hukunci.

Shin zai yiwu maigida da uwargida ya kasance dukkan su suna dauke da BPD? Irin wannan hadin yana iya faruwa, amma dai ba sai na fadi cewa za a yi ta dauki ba dadi ne a kullum, za a yi ta jin kan su sannan kuma za a yi ta saki ana yin kome idan an huce.

Ka kalli wannan bidiyon wanda na yi shi akan wannan irin hadin gambizan domin ka qaru, ‘ DLP Episode 5: Understanding personality psychology for better interpersonal relationships’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pl4DFSzByow

Shin wanda yake da ciwon tsananin fushi irin na BPD za a zartar da sakin shi kuwa idan akayi la’akari da cewa da shi da wanda hankalin shi ya gushe bambancin su kadan ne? Amsa wannan tambaya, sai manyan malamai wadanda suke da fahimta sosai akan Mental Disorders.

Menene Obsessive Love Disorder (OLD)

Wannan wani yanayi ne da mutum kaman a ce namiji zai ji soyayyan wani daban kaman a ce mace amma kuma sai ya kasance ita kadai ce ya ke matuqar qauna a zuciyan shi har ma son ya kai ga cewa yana jujjuyata kaman abin da ya mallaka. Ga manyan alamomin shi.

Matsanancin qaunar mutum daya.
Matuqar begen mutumin a koda yaushe.
Ganin dacewan kare wanda ka ke so da tsare shi.
Jin bala’in kishi akan shi.
Jin cewa kai ba komi ba ne (low self-esteem).
Tura saqonni kala-kala ta SMS, emails ko yawan kiran wanda suke so.
Son a rarrashi mutum a koda yaushe.
Wuyan yin abokai ko sada zumunci da sauran ‘yan’uwa saboda tsabagen maida hankali a wajen mutum daya.
Bibiya da sa ido akan duk abubuwan da mutumin ya ke yi.
Yunqurin juya mutum akan inda zai je da kuma abubuwan da zai iya yi.

Obsessive Love Disoder (OLD) ba yana tsaye ne da qafafun shi ba, yana bibiyan wasu Mental Disorders ne kaman BPD, OCD, Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED), Obsessional Jealousy, da dai sauran su. Idan muka kalli alamomin BPD da na OLD za mu ga cewa, lallai mai BPD zai yi saurin daukan alamomin OLD saboda dama shi yana tsoron rabuwa kuma yana son yin kane-kane a al’amura. Masu dauke da OLD za ka ga suna yawan yin leken asiri a wayan mijin ta. Sai ta karanto ma kanta abin da zai iya hana ta sukuni har muddin ranta, ko kuma idan miji ya gano, ayi ta tashin hankali. Idan akayi rashin sa’a cewa shi ma mijin yana dauke da BPD, to zai iya sakin ta saboda leken asirin wayan shi kadai, kunga anan kenan, allura ta tono garma. A wani lokutan kuma sai matan ta zama tana shisshige mishi duk inda zai je sai da ita (office ko wajen ziyaran abokan shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi), yana daga qafa zata mayar a sawun sa. Idan kuma tana da kishiya, to fa bala’in kishin kuma zai kasance irin wanda baka taba gani bane. Sannan kuma ga shi za ta dunga yunqurin juya shi yanda take so idan ta sami dama. Mace mai OLD tare da BPD za ta iya cewa za ta kashe mijin ta ko kishiyan ta ko kuma ta yi yunqurin kashen sun ko kuma taci nasaran aika su barzagu. Kun ga aiki ya lalace kenan. Saboda da haka, idan matan ka tana da alamomin OLD tare da BPD, to wallahi sai ka kula da kyau, idan ba haka ba kuwa za ka iya wayin gari a lahira. Za mu iya juye yawancin bayanan ga maigida shima idan shi ne yake dauke da OLD. Mene ku ke tsammani idan aka ce maigida tare da matan sa duka biyun a ce kowannen su na dauke da BPD tare da OLD? Na bar muku wannan a matsayin wasa kwakwalwa. Kuma irin wannan hadin mai yiwuwa ne.

Domin qarin bayani a game da OLD, ka saurari wannan bidiyon mai suna, ‘What Is Obsessive Love Disorder?’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmzvq5F_o-g&list=WL&index=13

Sannan kuma za ka iya hadawa da wannan maqalan, ‘What Is Obsessive Love Disorder?’.

https://www.healthline.com/health/obsessive-love-disorder

Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:

Yanda Depression (MDD) da Bala’in Kishi (OLD) Suke Haduwan Ma Mata Idan Za A Yi Musu Kishiya

Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

Tagged : bipolar / borderline / bpd / depression / mdd / mental disorder / mental health / old / pmdd

Yanda Za Ka Gane Me Dauke Da Depression Ko Bipolar Disorder

by Salihu LukmanJanuary 6, 2023January 7, 2023Education / mental healthLeave a Comment

Tare Da: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Gabatarwa

Shin ko kai kana tsintan kan ka a cikin tsananin bakin ciki da damuwa da rashin kuzari mai tsawo daga baya kuma kwatsam sai ka ji tsabagen annashuwa da farin ciki mai yawa tare da jiye-jiye ko gane-gane ko daukan saurin fushi na wani lokaci? Wadannan da ma wasu alamonin da yawa zan tattauna su a wannan rubutun. Wasu suna rubuto min cewa suna tattare da da yawa daga cikin alamomin Mental Disorders din da nake bayyanawa sannan kuma ba sa son wadannan dabi’un ko halayyan na su amma kuma sun kasa yanda za su yi su daina, to ina mafita? Ku biyo ni domin samun gamsashshiyar amsa. Mental Disorders din da zan tattauna a yau suna cikin Mental Disorders din da suke cin mana tuwo a kwarya, sun addabi wasu daga cikin sashen mutanen mu amma kuma abin baqin ciki shine mutane ba su da isashshen ilimi akan su (lack of insight) ballantana su nemi irin taimakon da ya dace daga wajen Psychiatrists.

Mene Ake Nufi Da Depression?

Ba kaman yanda mutane suke fassara wannan kalman da cewa ciwon baqin ciki ba, fassaran wannan kalman ya fadada fiye da haka. Sau da yawa zaka ji mutum ya ce Depression ya kama ni da zaran wani abun baqin ciki ya same shi na dan wani lokaci ko kuma ya tashi ba ya jin annashuwa da kuzari. Da farko dai, Depression na daya daga cikin manyan Mental Disorders wanda zai iya tsayuwa da kafan shi shi kadai, ko kuma ya shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders din. Yana daya daga cikin qungiyan Mental Disorders da ake kira Mood Disorders wadanda suke shafan yanda mutum yake jin fushi, ko karsashi, ko iya aikata ayyukan da ya saba yi na yau da kullum. Daya daga cikin babban illan shi idan ba a magance shi ba shine zai iya sa mutum ya ji ya gaji da rayuwar duniya gabadaya har ma ya iya neman daukan ran sa da kansa (suicide) ko kuma ya yi ta tunanin cewa ina ma dai da ace babu ransa ko kuma a wayi gari kawai ya mutu (suicidal ideation).

Depression ya kasu gida-gida, zan maida hankali akan Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) wanda aka fi sani da Clinical Depression.

Bari mu fara zayyana alamomin MDD guda 9 daga baya sai mu yi sharhin su.

Jin bakin ciki tare da yanke qauna ko kuma jin kawai kana son yin kuka a kusan kullum (depressed mood & hopelessness).
Raguwan sha’awan abubuwan da da ka ke son yi wadanda suka shafi dukkanin harkokin ka a kusan kullum (anhedonia).
Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba ko kuma rage qiba ba tare da kana dieting ba ko qara qiba (change in appetite & body weight).
Canji a yanda ka ke samun yin bacci a inda ka ke kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ka saba ko kuma kake yin baccin da ya wuce ƙima kusan a kullum (hypersomnia or insomnia).
Jin kazar-kazar ko kuma ka ji ba ka son tabuka komai da jikin ka kaman kasala (psychomotor agitation or retardation).
Rashin jin karsashi ko jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa ba ka yi aikin da ya cancanci jin irin wannan gajiyan ba kusan a kullum (fatigue or loss of energy).
Jin cewa ba ka da amfani ko kuma yawan zargin kan ka da kan ka (worthlessness or guilt).
Kasa hada hankalin ka ko tunanin ka waje guda ko kasa yanke hukunci kusan a kullum (lack of concentration & indecisiveness).
Yawan yin tunanin mutuwa, ko tunanin da ma ace ka mutu, ko kuma yunqurin kashe kanka (suicidal ideation or suicide attempt).

Sai aqalla 5 daga cikin wadannan alamomi 9 sun tabbata kuma sun wanzu har sati 2 cikakke koma fiye da haka sannan kuma dole daya daga cikin alamomin ya kasance #1 ko #2. Akwai wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wadannan yanayi har shekara 1 a yara kenan ko kuma shekaru 2 a manya, a irin wannan yanayi, cutan ta tashi daga MDD ta zama Dysthymia.

Shin wanda MDD ya kama shi zai iya fahimtar haka wato zai samu insight har ma ya nemi agaji wajen Psychiatrist ko kuwa sai dai wani na kusa da shi wanda yake lura da sauyin yanayin sa kaman matan shi ko dan’uwan shi ko abokin shi ne zai iya gane halin da ya shiga? Saboda yanda MDD yake durqusar da rayuwan mutum, za ka cewa mutum shi da kanshi zai iya gane cewa fa duniyan shi na tafiya a bai-bai ko kuma sama ya koma qasa amma ba dole ne ya fahimci cewan MDD ne ya kama shi. Sai ya kasa gane kanshi gabadaya. ‘Yan abubuwan da da yake jin dadin yin su kaman na bangaren wasanni ko motsa jiki, ko hulda da mutane, ko karatu, ko aiki, ko fira da wasa da iyali, duk sai yaji sun fita a ransa. Sai yaga babu abinda yake so sai dai ya kwanta shi kadai kaman mutum-mutumi ba uhm ba uhm-uhm, da kyar ma wani lokacin zai iya tashi ya ci abinci ko yayi salla. Tsaftan jikin sa ma da na inda yake zaune sai ya gagare shi, sai kaga mutum ya koma zama cikin dauda a wani lokacin. Kila a da ya saba fita yin salla a masallaci sau 5 a rana, sai kawai ya ji baya son fita zuwa masallacin kuma tare da jin tsananin kasala ko kuma ciwon kai ko ciwon jiki wanda koda ace zai je asibiti domin a yi mai gwajin jinin shi wato test domin a gano ko akwai wata cuta ne a jikin shi, to babu abun da za a gani bayan shi kuma yasan cewa yana jin ciwo a jikin shi. Wani zai iya qauracema zuwa aiki ko makaranta kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga zabga lattin zuwa tare da rashin ba aikin ko karatun mahimmanci. Idan dalibi ne zai iya qin yin duk wani homework, ko test wani lokaci ma har examinations din zai iya guje musu, kunga dole ya sami carryover kenan. Idan kuma a wajen aiki ne zai iya qin yin aikin da aka bashi kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga kasancewa shi ne na kashin baya a wajen yin aikin da aka ba kowa sai ya yi wato missing deadlines. Daga qarshe, sai mutum ya ji ma cewa gabadaya duniyan ta ishe shi, ina ma dai ace bashi a duniyan, ina ma dai ace a wayi gari kawai sai aji cewa ya rasu, ina ma dai ace ya hallaka kanshi da kanshi domin ya yaye ma kanshi baqin cikin da ke damun shi. Idan ba a yi sa’a ba, sai kawai a wayi gari a ji cewa ai wane ya kashe kanshi ta hanyar rataye kanshi ko kuma shan guba ko kuma ta wani hanyar dabam, Allah Ya tsare. Tabbas wadannan alamomi ne a fili da mutanen da ke kusa da shi wanda MDD ya kama za su iya lura da wadannan sauye-sauyen a cikin rayuwan shi na yau da kullum kaman matan shi, abokin shi, iyayen shi, malamin shi da kuma shugaban shi a wajen aiki. A irin haka ne, sai wani lokaci mutane su yi zaton cewa wai anyi mai sihiri ne shi yasa duk wadannan sababbin dabi’un suka bayyana a gareshi. Ya zama wajibi ga duk wanda ya lura cewa dan’uwan sa ya sami kan sa a cikin wannan yanayin da ya agaje shi yayi saurin kai shi asibiti wajen Psychiatrist domin a duba lafiyan shi yanda ya kamata kafin abubuwan su tabarbare har ya kai ga cewa an kore a wajen aikin shi ko kuma a kore shi a makarantan gabadaya saboda yin fashi ko kuma rashin yin jarabawa a inda ya tara carryovers rututu. Kaman yanda na fada a baya cewa Depression yana shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders da yawa, zan yi cikakken bayani akan kowani daya daga cikin su. Wani lokaci samun Depression yana nuni alaman cewa mutum yana dauke da wani Mental Disorder na daban kuma da ma yawancin Mental Disorders suna faruwa ne fiye da daya a mutum guda wato Comorbidity. Za ka iya samun mutum daya yana da Mental Disorders guda 2, 3, 5, 8, ko ma fiye da haka. Ya zama tilas ga duk dan’Adam ya fahimci alamomin Depression da kyau saboda ya iya kare kansa ko kuma wani nasa daga fadawa halaka.

Abubuwa da dama suke kawo Depression (in general, including MDD) kaman rashin daidaituwan wasu sinadarai (neurotransmitters) wanda suke rarraba saqo a cikin kwakwalwan mutum, ko kuma canje-canje na yawan sinadarin hormones (estrogen da progesterone) a jikin mace wanda zai iya yin sanadin samun PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), ko kuma gado, ko rashin isashshen Vitamin D wanda yake sa qarfin qashi, ko shan kwaya, ko wasu cutan jiki (medical illnesses) kaman ciwon zuciya ko cancer. Ana iya samun sauqi sosai daga Depression saboda akwai magunguna da yawa za a iya ba mutum domin ya sami sauqin halin da ya shiga amma dole sai an sha maganin na wani tsawon lokaci sannan za a sami sauqin da ya kamata.

Depression yana iya samun yara haka ma manya amma ya fi samun mata akan maza sau 2. Saboda yanda yake shafan harkokin mutum, Depression na iya zafafa wadannan Medical Conditions din: arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity.

Ku saurari Dr. Ramani Durvasula (Professor na Clinical Psychology) a inda ta ƙara sharhi a kan waɗannan alamomin na MDD mai suna, ‘How to Spot Severe Depression vs Feeling Depressed’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzO8EAOEGJ8

Ka karanta wannan maqalan domin samun qarin bayani, ‘Everything You Need to Know About Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)’.

https://www.healthline.com/health/depression

Yaya Bipolar Disorder Yake?

Shi ma Bipolar Disorder (BD) yana daya daga cikin Mood Disorders, wato gidan su daya da Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko kuma abin da muka fi kira da Depression. Ba kasancewa ma gidan su daya ba kawai, ‘yan daki daya ne saboda shi Bipolar a mafi yawancin lokuta za ka ga cewa yana qunshe da MDD a cikin alamomin shi tare da Mania ko kuma Hypomania, zan yi bayanin wadannan kalmomin a qasa tare da alamomin su. A mafi yawancin lokuta, Bipolar na sa mutum ne ya dunga tsilla-tsilla a tsakanin Mania (tsananin jin garau tare da kazar-kazar da jin kai da ma jiye-jiye ko gane-gane) da Major Depression Episode (MDD) wanda na yi cikakken bayanin shi a sama. Hypomania, qanin Mania ne domin shi alamomin shi ba sa zafafa kaman na Mania sannan kuma babu jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (Psychosis).

Mania

Alamomin Mania wato Manic Episode sun qunshi:

Ji-ji da kai da qafafa da sawa a ranka cewa kai wani ne (grandiosity). A wannan halin, mutum zai iya jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (psychosis) har ma a wani lokaci yace Allah Ya yi magana da shi kuma Ya ce mai yayi abubuwa kaza da kaza domin ya ceci al’umma (grandiose delusion). A wani lokaci, mutum zai iya jin cewa shi na musamman ne kaman wani superhero ko yace shi ne mahadin da zai zo qarshen zamani ko yace shi annabi ne. Ko ya nemi matsayin da yafi qarfin shi kaman yace zai tsaya takaran shugaban qasa bayan cewa matsayin shi a cikin mutane ba zai taba samun irin wannan martaban ba kaman yanda Kanye West wani shaharren mawaqi baqin fata ya yi a America saboda yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder. Shin kuna ganin cewa wannan misalin za iya hadaw da ‘yan takaran shugaban qasa wadanda ko quri’a daya ba sa samu a zaben fidda gwani wato Primary Election na Party din su?
Rashin buqatan yin bacci tare da jin garau kuma koda kuwa mutum baccin awa 3 kadai ya samu a rana. A wani lokaci ma mutum zai iya yin sati 1 cur ba tare da ya runtsa ba kwata-kwata kuma ya ji shi garau babu wani matsala (decreased need for sleep). Yawancin lokuta wannan alaman ne yake nuna cewa an fara shiga Mania daga baya sai sauran alamun su biyo shi.
Tadi ko jin yin magana kaman an kunna rediyo (talkative)
Kasa tsayar da tunani a waje daya sai mutum ya yi ta jin tunani kala-kala nau’i-nau’i suna ta karakaina a cikin kwakwalwan shi (flight of ideas).
Saurin dauke hankali da saurin shagala da abu mara amfani (distractibility).
Jin qarfi fiye da qima, saurin fusata (irritable mood) ko qara yin ayyukan da suke sa a cimma wani manufa a cikin mutane, ko makaranta, ko wajen aiki (increase in goal-directed activity). A cikin wannan yanayi, za ka ga mutum ya duqufa ka’in da na’in wajen aiwatar da ayyukan da za su sa ya cimma wani buri kaman yawan rubuce-rubuce masu matuqar amfani, ko duqufa a kan wani karatu ko bada himma sosai a wajen aiki.
Qaruwan ayyukan da za su iya cutar da mutum kaman kashe-kashen kudi ba tunani, saduwa, kasuwancin bogi (impulsivity). Mutum zai iya qin zuwa wajen aiki kaman na sati 1 ko 2 sai ya je ya kama daki a hotel mai shegen tsada (presidential suite) har sai ya kashe duk ‘yan kudin da ya tara a banza a wofi sannan ya dawo babu ko taro. Zai kuma iya yin kyautar duk abin da ya mallaka shi kuma ya koma abin tausayi. A wani lokaci kuma mutum zai shiga cinikayyar bogi a inda za a damfare shi duka kudaden shi. Mace za ta iya shiga karuwanci.

Alamomin Hypomania sun qunshi duka alamomin Mania guda 7 na sama sai dai banda jiye-jiye ko gane-gane wato Psychosis sannan sauran alamomin ba su da qarfin da suke da shi irin na Mania. Sannan kuma alamomin Mania suna wanzuwa ne a kullum har zuwa aqalla kwanaki 7 ko sama da haka su kuwa na Hypomania suna wanzuwa ne aqalla kwanaki 4 ko sama da haka. Wato a taqaice dai Hypomania qanin Mania ne. Sannan duk wadannan alamomin sai ya kasance cewa ba wani ciwon jiki bane wato Medical Condition ko wani magani ko kwaya ya kawo su.

Bipolar I Da Bipolar II

Bipolar Disorder ya kasu zuwa gida biyu ne Bipolar I da Bipolar II. Bipolar I shine wanda ya qunshi faruwan Mania (aqalla alamomi 3 daga ciki) sannan kuma suka wanzu har aqalla kwanaki 7 zuwa sama da haka ko da kuwa sau 1 hakan ya faru a rayuwan mutum. A wani lokaci mai Bipolar I zai iya samun Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko Hypomania amma ba dole bane.

Shi kuma Bipolar II ya qunshi Hypomania tare da Major Depressive Episode (MDD). Dole mai dauke da Bipolar II ya kasance ya taba samun MDD a rayuwarsa kafin a ce yana dauke da Bipolar II. Sannan a duk sanda ya sami Mania, to ya tashi daga Bipolar II ya koma Bipolar I ko da sau 1 a rayuwarsa.

A taqaice dai kusan MDD ya shiga cikin Bipolar I & II amma ba dole ne a same shi a wajen mai Bipolar I ba amma dole ya kasance a wanda yake da Bipolar II. Mai Bipolar yana canzawa ne a tsakanin Mania ko Hypomania izuwa Depression, haka abin zai ta jujjuyawa lokaci bayan lokaci. Amma Bipolar II ya fi samun Depression yana maimaituwa mashi ko kuma ya kasance ya jima sosai. A wani lokacin kuma, Mania ko Hypomania na iya haduwa da Depression.

Akwai magungunan da ake ba masu Bipolar Disorder domin su sassaita musu matsalolin da suke samu a lokacin Depression ko Mania ko Hypomania. Sai a tuntube Psychiatrist idan ana zaton cewa mutum na dauke da Bipolar. A wani lokacin, Depression din ne zai fara addaban mutum sosai kafin ya samu Mania. Da zaran kuwa ya samu Mania ko Hypomania, to sai ciwon na shi ya tashi daga MDD zuwa Bipolar I ko Bipolar II. Ba a cewa mutum na dauke da MDD tare da Bipolar sai dai ace MDD kawai idan babu Mania ko Hypomania ko kuma a ce Bipolar kawai da zaran an gano cewa ya taba samun Mania ko Hypomania. Sannan kuma a wani lokaci akan iya samun rudani a tsakanin alamomin ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) da na Bipolar saboda alamomin Mania na iya kama da na ADHD. Idan aka je wajen Psychiatrist, shi zai iya tantancewa a tsakanin su duk da yake cewa mutum daya zai iya kasancewa yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder tare da ADHD. Daga qarshe, bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya gadon Bipolar Disorder sosai.

Domin samun qarin bayani, ka kalli wannan bidiyon wanda wani kwararren Psychiatrist mai suna Dr. Domenick Sportelli ya yi mai taken, ‘What Is Bipolar Disorder?’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lox1FC4zPM

Domin samun taqaitaccen bayani akan Depression da Bipolar disorder, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Maryam Almustapha mai suna, ‘Depression, Mania, Bipolar’.

https://www.tiktok.com/@drmaryamm_a/video/7153317883349699842?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7142501723353286146

Za ka iya karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, ‘Everything You Need to Know About Bipolar Disorder’.

https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder

Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:

Tsananin Fushi, Bala’in Kishi: Borderline Personality Disorder & Obsessive Love Disorder

Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

Tagged : bipolar / depression / mdd / mental disorder / mental health / pmdd