Idan nace babu abin da yake yamutsa mace, ya rikirkita ta, ya susuta ta, ta ji kaman ta dauki ranta, irin batun kishiya to ina ganin ban yi kuskure ba. A gani na, babu jarabawan da yafi girma ga ‘ya mace a wannan rayuwan irin a jarabce ta da zama da kishiya koda kuwa ba a gida daya suke zaune ba, wato kowacce da gidan ta. Idan mai karatun wannan qasidan namiji ne kuma yana tantaman wannan zancen nawa, to ya qaddara cewa su biyu ne maza a wajen matan shi, wato matan shi ta na aure da maza biyu, shi da wani daban! Wannan mummunan misalin, duk munin shi, abin da ke faruwa kenan ga mata. Duk yanda ka ke son ka kasance cewa kai kadai ne a cikin zuciyan matan ka, tofa ita ma haka take son kasancewa ita kadai ce a cikin rayuwan ka. Shin ko akwai macen da take son a yi mata kishiya saboda tana ganin cewa bata da kishi? A biyo ni a cikin wannan qasidan domin amsa wannan tambayan. Kishi yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suke sanadiyyar bayyanan Mental Disorder ga ‘ya mace saboda mawuyacin halin da suke samun kansu a ciki. Mata da yawa suna samun Depression (Major Depression Disorder) a lokacin da mijin su yake niyyar qara aure wanda kuma irin wannan halin da suke fadawa yana iya jefa su yin mugun aika-aika saboda Mental Health (lafiyan dabi’a) din su ya samu matsala babba tum ma ba idan kuma akayi rashin sa’an cewa Depression din nata ya hadu da ciwon tsananin so da bala’in kishi (Obsessive Love Disoder) ba.
Taqaitaccen Waiwaye A Kan Alamomin Depression (MDD) Da Obsessive Love Disorder (OLD)
A baya, na rubuta qasidu a inda na yi cikakken sharhi a game da yanda za ka gane mai dauke da Depression da kuma ciwon tsananin so da bala’in kishi (OLD). Zan lissafto alamomin wadannan disorders din ne kawai a nan qasa, domin mai karatu ya koma wadancan qasidun guda 2 wadanda zan yi ishara a kan su domin yin cikakken bita a kan wadannan Mental Disoders din.
Alamomin Depression guda 9 ne.
Jin bakin ciki tare da yanke qauna ko kuma jin kawai kana son yin kuka a kusan kullum (depressed mood & hopelessness).
Raguwan sha’awan abubuwan da da ka ke son yi wadanda suka shafi dukkanin harkokin ka a kusan kullum (anhedonia).
Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba ko kuma rage qiba ba tare da kana dieting ba ko qara qiba (change in appetite & body weight).
Canji a yanda ka ke samun yin bacci a inda ka ke kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ka saba ko kuma kake yin baccin da ya wuce ƙima kusan a kullum (hypersomnia or insomnia).
Jin kazar-kazar ko kuma ka ji ba ka son tabuka komai da jikin ka kaman kasala (psychomotor agitation or retardation).
Rashin jin karsashi ko jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa ba ka yi aikin da ya cancanci jin irin wannan gajiyan ba kusan a kullum (fatigue or loss of energy).
Jin cewa ba ka da amfani ko kuma yawan zargin kan ka da kan ka (worthlessness or guilt).
Kasa hada hankalin ka ko tunanin ka waje guda ko kasa yanke hukunci kusan a kullum (lack of concentration & indecisiveness).
Yawan yin tunanin mutuwa, ko tunanin da ma ace ka mutu, ko kuma yunqurin kashe kanka (suicidal ideation or suicide attempt).
Sai aqalla 5 daga cikin wadannan alamomi 9 sun tabbata kuma sun wanzu har sati 2 cikakke koma fiye da haka sannan kuma dole daya daga cikin alamomin ya kasance #1 ko #2.
Domin cikakken sharhin wadannan alamomin, ka karanta maqala na mai taken, ‘Cikakken Bayani A Kan Yanda Za Ka Gane Me Dauke Da Depression (MDD) Ko Bipolar Disorder (BD)’.
Alamomin ciwon tsananin so da bala’in kishi wato Obsessive Love Disorder (OLD)
Matsanancin qaunar mutum daya.
Matuqar begen mutumin a koda yaushe.
Ganin dacewan kare wanda ka ke so da tsare shi.
Jin bala’in kishi akan shi.
Jin cewa kai ba komi ba ne (low self-esteem).
Tura saqonni kala-kala ta SMS, emails ko yawan kiran wanda suke so.
Son a rarrashi mutum a koda yaushe.
Wuyan yin abokai ko sada zumunci da sauran ‘yan’uwa saboda tsabagen maida hankali a wajen mutum daya.
Bibiya da sa ido akan duk abubuwan da mutumin ya ke yi.
Yunqurin juya mutum akan inda zai je da kuma abubuwan da zai iya yi.
Obsessive Love Disoder (OLD) ba yana tsaye ne da qafafun shi ba, yana bibiyan wasu Mental Disorders ne kaman Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disoder (OCD), Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED), Obsessional Jealousy, da dai sauran su.
Domin cikakken sharhin wadannan alamomin, ka karanta maqala na mai taken, ‘Tsananin Fushi Da Bala’in Kishi, Me Yake Jawo Su? Borderline Personality Disorder & Obsessive Love Disorder’.
Halin Da Uwargida Ke Shiga A Sa’ilin Da Maigida Ya Yi Yunqurin Qara Aure
A mafi yawancin lokuta, mace na shiga wani matsanancin hali a sanda ta lura da cewa mijin ta yana da niyyar tafiya Qaraye wato qaro aure. Wannan yanayin yana jefa ‘ya mace a cikin damuwa wanda baya misaltuwa. Abin farko da ya ke fara fado mata shine mijin ta ya daina son ta ne shiyasa har zai iya yin mata kishiya wanda yasan cewa dole ranta zai baci a sabilin haka. Daga nan kuma sai ta tsunduma laluben abubuwan da takeyi domin ta nemo laifin da take yin mishi wanda har zai iya tunzura shi qara aure. A irin wannan yanayi, sai tsananin damuwa da yawan tunani da kishi su yi galaba a kan ta har ta iya shiga cikin matsanancin Depression a inda za ka ga cewa aqalla alamomi 5 daga cikin alamomi 9 na Depression wadanda na zayyana a sama sun bayyana a gareta. Wadanda suke da ilimin Mental Health wato lafiyan dabi’an dan Adam za su iya zuwa neman taimako wajen Psychiatrist a inda za a iya basu maganin Depression wato Antidepresseant saboda su sami sauqin halin da suka shiga ciki na ni ‘ya su. Wasu kuma sai kaga cewa sun qi neman taimakon likita a game da halin damuwan da suka shiga duk da cewa suna da tabbacin cewa alamomin Depression sun gama bayyana a tare da su, a irin wannan yanayin, sai kaga cewa mace tana ta ramewa tana lalacewa saboda bata iya yin bacci, bata iya cin abincin, wata ma bata iya yin aiki na gida ko kuwa na office. A taqaice dai duk wadanda suke kusantanta za su iya fahimtan cewa tana cikin wani mawuyacin hali. Wata kuma bata ma san alamomin Depression ba kwata-kwata koda kuwa tana dauke da shi saboda akwai qarancin ilimin cututtukan da za su iya shafan dabi’un mu wato Mental Disorders a cikin al’umman mu.
A wani lokacin kuma, idan kishin nata ya qarfafa sai kaga alamomin ciwon tsananin so da kishi wato Obsessive Love Disorder (OLD) wanda na lissafa a sama sun kunno kai. Wannan alamomin za su iya kunno kai tun kafin maganan qara aure ya taso, a wani lokaci kuma, yunqurin qara auren mijin ta shi ne zai qara tayar da Obsessive Love Disorder tuburan.
Daga nan kuma sai mace ta fara yawan yin leqen asiri a wayan mijin ta a inda za ta iya karanto ma kanta abin da zai iya hana ta sukuni har muddin ranta, ko kuma idan miji ya gano, ayi ta tashin hankali. Idan akayi rashin sa’a cewa shi ma mijin yana dauke da wani matsalan kaman Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), to zai iya sakin ta saboda leqen asirin wayan shi kadai, kunga anan kenan, allura ta tono garma. Kun ga anan tsananin zafin kishi ya kashe mata aure kenan tun ma kafin amaryan ta shigo. Idan akayi rashin sa’an cewa itama tana dauke da BPD tare OLD sannan kuma da Depression ya lullube ta, za ta iya cewa za ta kashe mijin ta ko kishiyan ta ko kuma ta yi yunqurin kashe su ko kuma taci nasaran aika su barzagu ko kuma ta nemi kashe kanta. Kun ga aiki ya lalace kenan. Saboda da haka, dole maigida ya lura da wadannan alamomin na Depression, OLD da BPD da kyau, idan ba haka ba kuwa za ka iya wayin gari a lahira ko amaryan taka ko kuma ita uwargidan.
Shawara Zuwa Ga Maigida Mai Niyyar Qara Aure
Ka sani cewa kishi dabi’a ce ta dan Adam. Saboda Allah (SWA) Ya bamu daman auren mata har guda 4 ba shi ke nuna cewa mata basu da kishi ba ko kuma mu yi tsammanin cewa idan sun nuna kishi a kan mu to kaman suna yin inkarin ayan da Allah Ya bamu daman qarin aure ne, a’a ba haka bane. Duk zurfin ilimin addini ‘ya mace ba ya hana ta yin kishi mai tsanani saboda shi kishi dabi’a ce ta dan Adam wanda ba ya bambanta na miji ko mace.
Martaban kishin mata ya bambanta, wata kishin ta kadan ne har ma a iya yin tsammanin cewa kaman bata da kishi kwata-kwata, wata kuma kishin ta matsakaici ne wanda bai wuce gona da iri ba, sai kuma wanda nasu ya kai lahaula. A mafi yawancin lokuta za ka ga cewa wadanda nasu ya wuce na Shari’ah ya kai ga lahaula za ka ga cewa su na dauke da Mental Disorder ne, wadanda suke sahun gaba sune OLD da BPD.
Dole ka kula da irin mawuyacin halin da matan ka za ta shiga a sanda ka ke qoqarin qarin aure sannan kuma ka tausaya mata iya iyawan ka wajen nuna damuwa da fahimta na yanayin da ta shiga wato Empathy. Idan ka ga alamomin Depression sun bayyana a gare ta ka dauke ta zuwa asibiti domin neman agajin Psychiatrist saboda kada yanayin nata ya gurbata har ya kai ga ta aikata wani mummunan ta’asa. Abin baqin ciki ne yanda za ka ga wasu mazajen suna nuna halin ko-in-kula ga matan su idan za su qara aure. Irin wannan halin yana qara musu damuwa sosai duk da yake kusan babu abin da maigida zai yi wanda zai kauda damuwan uwargida kwata-kwata in dai ba fasa auren ne zai yi ba gabadaya amma dai dole ya kwatanta.
Duk tsiyatakun da matan ka za ta yi maka saboda aniyar ka ta qara aure kada ka sake ta. Wani yanayi suke shiga wanda su kadai suka san girman abun da ke damun su, saboda haka zata iya tunzura ka ta hanyoyi daban-daban akan ka sake ta amma ka yi haquri, ka jure, ka kauda kai kada ka sake ta koda kuwa ta maka ka a kotu domin haka. Za ka iya bata sararin shan iska kaman ta yi tafiya hutu a wajen iyayen ta ko kuma wani wajen daban domin ta dan sarara.
Idan kuma kana so ka gajarce mata mawuyacin halin da zata shiga, to za ka iya boye mata neman auren da ka ke yi har sai dab da bikin sannan ka sanar da ita. A wannan yanayin, ka kashe tsuntsu 2 da dutse 1 kenan. Da farko ka rage mata tsayin lokacin da zata shiga kafin amarya ta shigo. Wasu mazan za ka ga suna neman aure har shekaru 3 koma 5 sannan kuma matan shi tana sane kuma tana cikin qunci a tsawon wannan lokacin har zuwa lokacin da amaryan za ta shigo daga ciki daga nan kuma a shiga Next Level na kishi. Na biyu, wasu matan suna iya shiga su fita har sai sun lalata auren da mijin su yake nema. Ka ga, a irin wannan yanayi, ba su ma sani ba ballantana su lalata maka neman auren ka. A lokacin da za su sani, zai kasance auren na ka yayi kusa sosai yanda ba za su iya samun daman yin komai ba. Amma fa a babin raha, idan kana so ayi maka binciken qeqe-da-qeqe kyauta a kan wanda ka ke son aura, to ka sanar da matan ka wanda ka ke son aura. Za ta shiga ta lalubo maka bayanai a game da ita kala-kala, kai kuma sai ka zurfafa ka tace bayanan nata. Kada ka rudu da cewa wai matan ka bata da kishi, saboda haka koda ka fada mata batun qarin auren ka tun da wuri ba za ta damu ba. Wasu matan za su iya nuna maka cewa suna tare da kai a kan qudurin ka dari bisa dari amma da zaran sun ga cewa da gaske ka fara shirye-shiryen shigowan wata, sai su canza gabadaya, ka kasa gane kan su kwata-kwata.
Shin ko kai mai tsananin fushi ne da saurin hasala (short fuse)? Ko kuwa kana da bala’in kishin da yake hana ka sukuni ko kuwa yake kawo maka husuma tsakanin ka iyalin ka? Ko kuwa ana siffanta yanda ka ke maida martani idan an tsokano ka da cewa kana qirqiran dutse ne babba daga tudun tawadar Allah (make a mountain out of mole-hill) wato kana maida martani da abin da ya ninninka tsokanan da akayi ma (disproportionate reaction)? Ko kuwa kana da kishi irin wanda ko namijin quda ba ka so ya sauka a kan matan ka, ko kuma macen da ke sa mijin ta sai ya saka takunkumin fuska (Face Mask) idan zai fita waje saboda kada wasu matan su ganshi? Ire-iren wadannan alamomin da ma wasu da dama zan tattauna a cikin wannan rubutun.
Me Ake Nufi Da Personality Disorders (PDs)?
Kaman yanda na yi bayani a baya cewa Mental Disorder yana nufin tattaruwan wasu alamomi wadanda suke iya jirkitar da yanayin da mutum yake tsinkayan abubuwa da kuma yanda ya ke tunani da mu’amala da mutane. Irin wadannan alamomin suna saka mutum ya shiga cikin matsanancin damuwa (subjective distress) sannan kuma suna janyo matsala ko naqasa (impairment) a game da yanda mutum yake mu’amala da iyalin shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi (wato a gida), da abokan aikin shi ko kuma abokan karantun shi (pervasive). Irin wadannan alamomin za su iya jimawa mutum yana fuskantan su (persistent), ko kuma a wani lokaci sai su zo gadan-gadan kaman saukan ruwan sama (relapse) daga baya kuma sai su yi likimo kaman anyi ruwan an dauke (remission).
Ka tuntubi wannan rubutun nawa domin qarin bayani akan mental Disorders:
Wadannan Mental Disorders din sun kasu gida-gida kaman Mood Disorders (mun yi bayanin wasu daga cikin su a baya – Depression da Bipolar), Anxiety Disorders (kaman su Phobias – tsananin jin tsoron wani abu kaman magye, ko qadangare), Sleep-Wake Disorders, Sexual Dysfunctions, Schizophrenia Spectrum, Paraphilic Disorders (kaman ‘yan daudu, da ‘yan luwadi ko madigo [daga baya turawa sun cire homosexuality da lesbianism daga cikin Mental Disorders saboda makirci], da masu kwanciya da ‘yan yara), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCDs), Personality Disorders, da dai sauran su.
Daga duk wadannan gida-gidan na Mental Disorders dinnan, Personality Disorder (PD) yana cikin wadanda suka fi wuyan sha’ani kuma suke da matuqar wahalarwa – su wahalar da mai dauke da su sannan kuma su wahalar da wanda yake mu’amala da mai dauke da su. Personality Disorders sun karkasu kashi 10 amma ana tsara su a gida 3 wato Cluster A (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal PDs), Cluster B (Histrionic, Borderline, Narcissistic, Anti-social PDs) da Cluster C (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive PDs). Kusan dukkanin su, suna dauke da wasu dabi’u da halayyan da suka saba ma al’ada sannan kuma wadannan kausasan halin dole ya kasance mutum yana tare da su ne tun sanda ya zama dan saurayi wato adolescent kaman dan shekara 13-19 har izuwa sanda zai mallaki hankalin kansa wato Adult wanda yake kamawa daga shekara 18 ko kuma 21. Mu fahimci cewa balaga (Puberty – yana faruwa a shekara 10 – 13) daban yake da zama Adult. Yawancin lokuta, Personality Disorder yana tabbatuwa ne ga dan’Adam daga shekara 21 zuwa 25 kaman yanda Dr. Ramani Durvasula ta fada.
Yaya Ake Gane Borderline Personality Disorder?
A yau za mu tattauna ne akan Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), yana daga cikin Cluster B Personality Disorders, kuma a duk Mental Disorders rankatakaf din su babu wanda aka fi yin nazari akan shi irin BPD kuma yana daya cikin wadanda suka fi rikitarwa. Ga wasu daga cikin alamomin shi.
Tsananin qoqarin gujema rabuwa (fear of abandonment, separation or rejection). Wannan yana daya daga cikin manya-manyan matsalan mai BPD a inda zai dunga hassala idan kaman ace ya kira matan sa amma sai bata sami daman daukan wayan shi ba a lokacin da ya kira.
Tabbatar da alaqa mai tsananin shaquwa a tsakanin shi da sauran mutane ko wanda yake so amma kuma wannan alaqan sai ta kasance mara tabbas saboda zata iya canzawa nan da nan daga shaquwa zuwa mummuna (idealization and devaluation, splitting, black and white thought, zero or hero).
Rashin tabbatuwa a abin da mutum ya saka a gaba ko ya qudurce a ran shi (unstable self-image or identity disturbance). A irin wannan yanayin, mutum sai ya kasance ba shi da tabbatuwa a abin da yake so ya cimma buri a rayuwarsa, sai ya dunga saurin cancanza aikin da ya ke son yi, ko ra’ayin shi akan abubuwan da ya tabbatu akai a baya. Wani zai iya canza abokan shi, ko kuma ma jinsin shi gabadaya ko yin ridda ko kuma ya ce babu Allah gabadaya (Atheist) ko kuma ya samu shakka kan akwai Allah ko kuwa babu shi (Agnostic) bayan a baya ya yi imani da Allah sosai kuma mai bin addini ne.
Yin aikin bazata wadanda za su iya cutar da mutum a aqalla wurare 2: caca, kashe-kashen kudi ta hanyar almubazzaranci, cin abinci da ya wuce qima, shaye-shayen kwaya, tuqin ganganci, ko kuma saduwan da babu aminci ko neman mata (impulsivity).
Yawan yunqurin kashe kan ka, ko nuna alamun haka ko kuma yin barazanan kashe kai ko jin ma kan ka ciwo ta hanyar yanka kan ka ko qona kan ka (recurrent suicidality).
Saurin jin fushi ko damuwa ko qaruwan buqun zuciya saboda wani abu da ya faru a tsakanin shi da sauran mutane. Irin wannan yanayi yana iya jimawa har ‘yan wasu awanni kadan ko kuma kwanaki kadan (affective instability).
Jin qiwuyan yin duk wani abu da zai amfane ka ko zai taimaka maka wajen cin ma burin ka na rayuwa tare da rashin jin sha’awan aikata komai sannan kuma sai ka yi ta neman abin da zakayi (chronic feelings of emptiness). Ga shi kana da abubuwan yi da yawa kuma kana da lokacin yin su amma kuma kash, ba ka jin sha’awan aikata su kwata-kwata sai ka dunga jin matsanancin qiyuwa.
Nuna bala’in fushin da ya wuce qima a bainar jama’a (short fuse & over-reactive) sannan kuma tare da rashin iya sarrafa fushi matuqar aka tsokano ka ko dan ya ya ne kuwa (inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger). Mutum zai ta habaici ko barin zance ko fade-fade matuqar ya qudurci cewa ba a kula da shi yanda ya kamata ko kuma ana so a rabu da shi. Amma kuma daga baya sai mutum ya ji kunyar abinda ya aikata tare da nadama. Mutum har doke-doke yana iya yi a wani lokuta saboda tsaban bacin rai. Duk wadannan alamomin suna faruwa a sanda aka tsokano mutum ba wai haka nan kawai ba.
Jin zargin cewa mutane suna nufin ka da sharri ne ko kuma suna yi da kai ne bayan a haqiqa ba haka ba ne tare da jin kaman gangan cikin ka ya fita daga jikin ka wato kaman kana kallon kan ka ne a bidiyo saboda wani abun tada hankali da ya faru ko kuma tunanin cewa za a rabu da kai (paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms). Wannan alamomin suna faruwa ne a cikin daqiqai kadai zuwa ‘yan awanni a wasu lokuta.
Idan Psychiatrist ya duba ka ya ga cewa kana dauke da alamomi aqalla 5 daga cikin 9, to sannan ne zai ce kana dauke da Borderline Personality Disorder. Wadannan alamomi 9 za ku ga cewa suna da kama sosai da alamomin Depression (Major Depression Disorder) wadanda na yi cikakken bayanin su a baya.
A sabili da hakane, mafi yawancin wadanda suke dauke da BPD to za a ga cewa suna dauke da Depression (MDD) kuma. BPD yana yawan haduwa da Dissociative Identity Disorder wato abinda muka fi sani da ciwon aljanu. A wani bincike ya nuna cewa 80 % na mutane masu BPD to suna da MDD. Sannan kuma BPD ya fi shafan mata a inda mata suka dauki kaso 75 % a wani bincike.
Domin samun qarin bayani a game da BPD, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Ramani Durvasula mai suna, ‘How to Spot the 9 Traits of Borderline Personality Disorder’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to5qRLRSS7g
Sannan kuma zai yi matuqar kyau a ce ka hada da bidiyon da take yin bayani a game da karkasuwan BPD zuwa gidaje 4, ‘How to Spot the 4 Types of Borderline Personality Disorder’.
Sannan kuma za mu ga cewa alamomin Bipolar Disorder ma suna da yanayi da na BPD amma kuma ba daya suke ba. Manyan bambance-bambance a tsakanin su sune kaman haka: (1) Saurin fusata da damuwa da mai BPD yake shiga yana faruwa ne bayan an tsokano shi, shi kuma mai Bipolar yana jin wadannan alamomin ne ba tare da an tsokane shi ba. (2) Halin da mutum ke shiga na fusata da damuwa yafi dadewa a wajen wanda yake da Bipolar a inda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wannan mummunan halin na tsawon kwanaki da yawa shi ko mai BPD bai cika wuce awanni ba zuwa ‘yan kwanaki kadan. Amma kuma kusani cewa mutum daya zai yiwu ya kasance yana dauke da BPD tare da Bipolar – tabdijan! Babban goro sai magogin qarfe. Allah Ya qara mana lafiya, amin. Haka zalika, a yawancin lokuta, za ka samu cewa mai dauke da BPD yana samun matsalan yin bacci sosai da daddare. Sai ya kasance a farke har zuwa 2 ko 4 na tsakan dare sannan ne zai iya yin bacci. Daga nan kuma tashin shi sai kusan 12 na rana ko ma 1 PM. A taqaice yawancin masu BPD za ka ga cewa suna dauke da Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome (DSPS) wanda yake wani bangare ne na Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder.
Domin samun qarin bayani a game da alaqan BPD da sauran Mental Disorders kaman Bipolar, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Ramani Durvasula mai take, ‘Borderline Personality Disorder [The Co-Occurring Disorders You Should Know]’.
Saboda yanda mai dauke da BPD yake da saurin canza ra’ayi ko manufa tare da daukaka abu (idealization) da kuma saurin durqusar da shi (devaluation) idan wani abu kadan ya bata mishi rai, za ka cewa dalibi mai dauke da BPD yana canje-canjen abin da yake karantawa wato course a jami’ah ko kuma makarantar da yake gaba da secondary wato Tertiary Institution. A yau sai ya ji cewa babu course din da yake so a duk duniya irin course din da yake yi, sai kuma bayan wani lokaci kawai ya ji kuma cewa son course din ta fice daga ransa wata kila saboda yana tunanin cewa abokan sa dalibai ko malamin sa baya son sa, yanzu kuma ya canza sheqa, ya koma qaunar wata course din dabam. Idan ya sami dama, za ka cewa zai yi ta canje-canje na course din da ya ke karantawa a makaranta. A wannan halin kuma, namiji ne ko mace, za su iya zama sun tsunduma a cikin yin zinace-zinace na dan wani qanqanin lokaci ko kuma su jima a cikin wannan yanayi wasu kuma su tsunduma kallon abubuwan batsa (pornography) tare istim’na’i (masturbation) a matsayin hanya na kauce ma zinace-zinace a sabili da rashin jin sha’awan yin wani aiki ko kuma jin kadaici. Irin wadannan abubuwan suna sa su ji dadi ne na dan wani lokaci. Wasu sukan tsunduma a harkan shaye-shaye wanda daga qarshe sai su kasa kammala karatun na su wanda suka fara a cikin sa’a da jajircewa da hazaqa. Sai ya kasance kodai a kore su ko kuma carryovers sun yi musu yawan da ba za su iya gama karatun ba saboda daina zuwa aji kwata-kwata ko kuma su ji karatun ya fita daga ran su kwata-kwata haka kawai bas ai da shaye-shaye ba. Haka zai iya faruwa da su a zangon qarshe na karatun su a inda za su sha da kyar, ko kuma su sami mafi munin sakamako tun da suka fara karatun saboda rashin sha’awan yin karatun. Da kyar na sha, ya fi da kyar aka kamani. Idan kuma har ya kasance yana yin samartaka da ‘yan mata, to zai kasance mai tsilla-tsilla ne, a yau yana tare da wance a gobe kuma ya canza sheqa ya koma wajen wata daban. Da budurwa ta yi mai wani abu dan kadan, sai ya fusata ya ce ma ya fasa yin soyayyan da ita sai ya qara gaba. Wani ma za a iya sa mai rana amma ya fasa ko kuma ranar daurin auren ya kusa amma kuma ya ce ya fasa. Haka zalika idan ma mace ce mai BPD, duk irin wadannan alamomin za su iya bayyana a tattare da ita.
A wani lokacin kuma, mutum zai dunga jin ciwon jiki ne ko kuma ciwon kai amma kuma duk gwajin asibiti da za a yi mishi sai akasa ganin wata cuta a cikin sakamakon gwajin. Irin wannan Somatic Symptom din yana iya sa dalibi ya kasa tabuka abin kirki a harkan karatun nasa saboda a kullum ba shi da lafiya. Somatic Symptom na daya daga cikin alamomin Depression kaman yanda na yi bayani a baya, haka kuma mai BPD zai iya jin wannan alaman.
Domin qarin bayani, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, ‘Borderline Personality Disorder and College Success’.
Ka kalli firan BBC Hausa wanda sukayi da wani dalibi a cikin shirin su mai suna Mahangar Zamani mai take, ‘Abin da ke jawo tsananin damuwa’. Wasu daga cikin alamonin BPD sun bayyana a tare da wannan dalibin.
(1) Da farko mutum sai ya ji cewa yana matuqar qaunan wannan aikin na shi har ya fahimci cewa maigidan shi na matuqar son shi amma da zaran wani abu ya faru kaman ace maigidan shi ya yi mai fada agame da abin da ya shafi aikin sai ya ji cewa maigidan nan nashi ya tsane shi kuma. Sai kuma gabadaya aikin ya fita daga ranshi, daga qarshe sai ya ajiye wannan aikin ya nemi wani daban. Haka za ka ga mai BPD yana ta canza aikin shi saboda yanda yake da saurin samun gamsuwa da abokan aikin shi ko kuma maigidan shi wanda daga baya kuma da zaran dan wani abu ya shiga tsakanin shi da su, to sai ya ajiye aikin kawai ya qara gaba. Haka kuma zai iya kasancewa mai yawan husuma da sauran ma’aikata ‘yan’uwan shi ko kuma da shugaban shi saboda abu ba abu ba sai ya dauki fushi daga nan kuma sai fada ta kaure.
(2) Daga cikin kashe-kashe na BPD, akwai wanda baya ajiye aikin shi, amma kuma saboda yanda yake da saurin cancanza manufan shi da abin da yake so da wanda ba ya so (likes and dislikes), to sai ka ga cewa ya kasa yin abinda zai sami cigaba a wajen aikin wato Promotion. Sai ya kasance na bayan shi duk sun taso sun wuce shi a matsayi. Wannan zai iya sa mishi damuwa sosai ganin yanda kowa yake cigaba shi kuma yana nan jiya-i-yau amma kuma babban matsalan shine ko da ace ya yunquro yana son yayi abinda zai kawo mai promotion kaman rubutun maqala ko yin bincike ga malaman jami’a (lecturers) sai ya ji gabadaya ba ya sha’awan yin haka, daga qarshe sai ya kasa tabuka komai duk da cewa mai qoqari ne da hazaqa. A irin wannan yanayi kuma, za ka cewa yana yawan canza ra’ayin shi a game da aikin da yasa a gaba. Zai iya zama ya taqarqare ya jajirce akan wani aikin daban wanda bai shafi aikin shi na office ba kwata-kwata, amma kuma ya kasa tabuka komai a game da aikin shi na office sai dan da kyar. A wani lokacin ma, sai mutane su yi zaton cewa an yi mai sammu ne a wajen aikin shi yasa ya kasa cigaba.
Domin qarin bayani, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai suna, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Employment’.
A gaskiya wannan kadai ya kamata ya zama maqale ne mai zaman kan shi saboda muhimmancin shi amma zan yi qoqarin taqaitawa iya iyawa na. Da farko akwai tsananin gajin haquri. Idan maigida mai dauke da BPD ya kira uwargida ta waya sai ya kasance bata samu daman daukan wayan ba a lokacin da ya kira saboda wani uziri (kila tana wajen aiki, ko bata ga kiran shi din ba ma, ko ta na da wani uzirin na daban), ko kuma ya tura mata da saqon karta kwana wato SMS ko kuma ta WhatsApp sai ta yi jinkirin bashi amsa saboda wani uziri karbabbiya, to daga nan sai maigidan kawai ya dauki zafi ya fusata ya yi tsammanin cewa bata girmama shi ne ko kuma tana so ne ta wulaqanta shi shi yasa ta qi daukan wayan na sa ko kuma ta qi amsa mai saqon shi nan da nan. Daga nan saboda tsananin fushi, wani maigidan sai kawai yace ya saki matan shi. Dama kuma, masu BPD suna da saurin yin saki akan abin da bai taka kara ya karya ba saboda a wurin su matsala qarama za tayi ta ruruwa (rumination) tana qara girma a ransu har sai ta fi dutsen Uhudu girma, sannan sai su maida martani da kwatankwacin yanda abin ya girmama a cikin ransu (disproportionate reaction). To a ina za mu saka masu auri saki? Ba ma wannan ba kadai, idan maigida ya aiki uwargida ko ya sa ta yi mai wani abu sai ta tsaya yin wani abun koda kuwa yana da muhimmanci, yanzunnan sai maigida ya hassalo ya harzuqo ya nemi yin ma uwargida kaca-kaca saboda shi a na shi fassaran, uwargida ta raina shi ne ko kuma bata son bin umurnin shi saboda shi bai isa ba (judgmental and devaluation). Haka nan idan aka saka lokacin yin wani abu, kaman zuwa dauko uwargida daga anguwa ko kuma lokacin fita zuwa wani anguwa, duk yanda aka dan yi latti, to fa akwai matsala domin ta inda zai shiga ba ta nan zai fita ba wato zai ta yin luguden masifa ko kuma fushi mai tsanani. Zai kuma iya sa maigida yawan ficewa daga groups na Social Media kaman WhatsApp da zaran ya fassara cewa ana kyale shi ko kuma ana yin posts din da suke bata mishi rai. A wani lokacin kuma sai ya ji cewa ba ya jin amsa kiran waya, ko amsa saqon SMS ko WhatApp ko email ko kuma ya kashe wayan gabadaya har na wani lokaci ba dan wulaqanci ba ko wani abu sai dai kawai baya jin amsawa ne amma mutane sai su yi mai fassara da wulaqanci ne yasa haka.
Kaman yanda sabon bincike ya nuna cewa mai BPD zai yiwu yana da qarin yawan sinadarin qarfin mazakuntan namiji wato Testosterone. Saboda haka, wannan sinadarin zai qara ma maigida sha’awa sosai har ya fi na galibin sauran maza idan har yana da yawan Testosterone. Saboda haka uwargida sai ta miqe da gaske wajen biyan buqatan maigida a gado idan ba haka ba kuma to fa akwai matsala domin kuwa maigida zai iya tafiya Qaraye wato ya yi ma uwargida kishiya domin biyan buqatan shi. Wani maigidan ma saboda tsaban jin sha’awa, da zai iya tsayar da al’adan matan shi ya kasance ta daina yin al’ada kwata-kwata to da ya aikata hakan.
Amma fa bayan duk wadannan matsalolin na maigida mai dauke da BPD, za ku ga cewa mai dauke da BPD yana da tsananin nuna soyayya, da tausayi tare kula da uwargida yanda ya kamata. Kawai dai uwargida dole ta dinga tafiya ne kaman tana kan kwai domin kar ya fashe. Idan kuwa har maigida ya fusata, to idan a da yana kiran uwargida da sunaye masu dadi kaman My Life, My Sweetie, My Honey, to fa zai canza ya koma kiran ta da My Problem, My Trouble, ko kuma yace maman wane ko wance kawai ko kuma ma ya kira ta da gundarin sunan ta ko kuma ya hana lamban ta daga shigowa wayan shi (blocking). Mai BPD yana da matuqar taimako. Zai iya tsayar da duk wani harkoki na shi domin ya ga cewa ya taimaka ma wanda ya ke da buqata tun ma ba idan akan abinda yake da matuqar ra’ayi a kai ba ne. Zai iya tsayawa kai da fata wajen ganin ya warware ma mutum matsalan da ke damun shi wanda kuma a sanadiyyar haka, sai ya iya samun kan shi a halin damuwa saboda a wani lokacin kuma, a wajen bada taimakon sai a bata mishi rai sai kuma ya shiga halin fushi. Miji mai BPD baya son qorafi ko naci akan qanqanan abubuwa saboda yanzunnan zai iya harzuqa, kuma harzuqan shi ba abin so bane saboda Allah kadai Ya san inda zai tsaya idan har ya hau sama. A taqaice dai duk macen da za ta zauna da mai BPD to fa sai ta kai zuciya nesa, sannan ta kiyaye shi da kyau idan ba haka ba kuwa to wallahi komai na iya faruwa saboda fushin mai BPD ba shi da linzami. Daya daga babban matsalan BPD shine wanda yake dauke da shi yana ganin cewa shi lafiyan shi qalau, a koda yaushe sai ya dunga dora laifin ga sauran mutane amma da wuya zai ga laifin shi (projection and lack of insight). A dalilin haka ne sai matsalolin su yi ta taruwa suna habbakuwa har sai sanda Allah zai kawo dauki a gane abin da yake damun shi. Idan ba haka kuwa, to akwai kwamacala. BPD na daya daga cikin Mental Disorders wadanda ake iya samun nasaran shawo kansu sosai idan aka je asibiti. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) shine hanyar magance BPD.
Yanda BPD Yake Shafan Rayuwan Uwargida
Tabdijan! A ce uwargida ne ke dauke da BPD, ai matsala ta samu babba. Saboda mafi yawancin yanda maigida mai BPD ya ke yi to fa haka ita ma uwargida za ta kasance. Kaman yanda muka sani cewa a musulunce, maigida ne jagoran gida wato shine shugaban gida. Ya za ka ji a matsayin ka na maigida idan uwargida ta bude maka wuta domin ta kira ka ba ka dauka ba saboda wani uziri ko kuma ta turo maka da saqo baka bata amsa ba nan take? Wannan babban matsala ne a gaskiya a zamantakewan aure, saboda maigida shi zai ga cewa uwargida ta raina shi ne kawai shi yasa take saurin daukan fushi ko bude mai wuta akan abin da bai taka kara ya karya ba wanda hakan na iya kawo husuma mai tsanani a tsakanin maigida da uwargida. A wasu lokutan, duk yanda uwargida ta so ta danne bala’in fushin da ke cinta a zuciya sai ta kasa. Sai ta saki bala’in buhu-buhu sannan sannan za ta iya komawa ta numfasa. A irin wannan halin, dole maigida shi kuma ya yi ta haquri da halayyar uwargida saboda a irin wannan yanayin za ka ga cewa kusan babu abin da zai yi ne wanda zai sa uwargida ta daina bude mai wuta sai dai idan bata ji cewa ana kyale ta ba ko kuma ba a kula da ita ko kuma ma duk wani abun da zata riya ta sauwara shi a cikin kwakwalwanta. Su ma mata masu BPD an gano cewa suna iya kasancewa dauke da sinadarin Testosterone mai yawan da ya dora akan yanda aka saba, wannan ke nuni da cewa suma za su iya zama masu sha’awan da yafi na daidaikun sauran mata. Wani binciken ma ya alaqanta PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Sydrome) da BPD a inda ake ganin cewa duk macen da aka gano cewa tana da PCOS, to ya kamata a duba ta a gani ko ta na dauke da BPD kuma. Shi dai PCOS gamayyan wasu alamomi ne wadanda suke shafan mata har su kai ga hana su haihuwa tare da tsawaita musu yanda al’adan ke zuwa wato a madadin wata daya sai su kai har kwanaki 35 koma fiye da haka.
Domin qarin bayani, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Daniel Fox (Professor ne na Clinical Psychology a America), wanda ya ke daya daga cikin manyan masana a duniya a abinda ya shafi BPD. ‘Do You Have PCOS? Here’s What You Need to Know About PCOS & BPD’
Kamar yanda maigida mai dauke da BPD yake da saurin yin saki ko kuma tunanin yin saki ko kuma yunqurin yin saki, to haka ma uwargida mai BPD take. Za ka ga cewa tana da saurin yin yaji ko kuma ta ce ma maigida ya sake ta ko kuma barazanan barin gidan kwata-kwata da zaran wani abu dan kadan ya shiga a tsakanin ta da maigida. A irin haka, za ta iya kasancewa mai aure-aure saboda saurin daukan fushi da yanke hukunci.
Shin zai yiwu maigida da uwargida ya kasance dukkan su suna dauke da BPD? Irin wannan hadin yana iya faruwa, amma dai ba sai na fadi cewa za a yi ta dauki ba dadi ne a kullum, za a yi ta jin kan su sannan kuma za a yi ta saki ana yin kome idan an huce.
Ka kalli wannan bidiyon wanda na yi shi akan wannan irin hadin gambizan domin ka qaru, ‘ DLP Episode 5: Understanding personality psychology for better interpersonal relationships’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pl4DFSzByow
Shin wanda yake da ciwon tsananin fushi irin na BPD za a zartar da sakin shi kuwa idan akayi la’akari da cewa da shi da wanda hankalin shi ya gushe bambancin su kadan ne? Amsa wannan tambaya, sai manyan malamai wadanda suke da fahimta sosai akan Mental Disorders.
Menene Obsessive Love Disorder (OLD)
Wannan wani yanayi ne da mutum kaman a ce namiji zai ji soyayyan wani daban kaman a ce mace amma kuma sai ya kasance ita kadai ce ya ke matuqar qauna a zuciyan shi har ma son ya kai ga cewa yana jujjuyata kaman abin da ya mallaka. Ga manyan alamomin shi.
Matsanancin qaunar mutum daya.
Matuqar begen mutumin a koda yaushe.
Ganin dacewan kare wanda ka ke so da tsare shi.
Jin bala’in kishi akan shi.
Jin cewa kai ba komi ba ne (low self-esteem).
Tura saqonni kala-kala ta SMS, emails ko yawan kiran wanda suke so.
Son a rarrashi mutum a koda yaushe.
Wuyan yin abokai ko sada zumunci da sauran ‘yan’uwa saboda tsabagen maida hankali a wajen mutum daya.
Bibiya da sa ido akan duk abubuwan da mutumin ya ke yi.
Yunqurin juya mutum akan inda zai je da kuma abubuwan da zai iya yi.
Obsessive Love Disoder (OLD) ba yana tsaye ne da qafafun shi ba, yana bibiyan wasu Mental Disorders ne kaman BPD, OCD, Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED), Obsessional Jealousy, da dai sauran su. Idan muka kalli alamomin BPD da na OLD za mu ga cewa, lallai mai BPD zai yi saurin daukan alamomin OLD saboda dama shi yana tsoron rabuwa kuma yana son yin kane-kane a al’amura. Masu dauke da OLD za ka ga suna yawan yin leken asiri a wayan mijin ta. Sai ta karanto ma kanta abin da zai iya hana ta sukuni har muddin ranta, ko kuma idan miji ya gano, ayi ta tashin hankali. Idan akayi rashin sa’a cewa shi ma mijin yana dauke da BPD, to zai iya sakin ta saboda leken asirin wayan shi kadai, kunga anan kenan, allura ta tono garma. A wani lokutan kuma sai matan ta zama tana shisshige mishi duk inda zai je sai da ita (office ko wajen ziyaran abokan shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi), yana daga qafa zata mayar a sawun sa. Idan kuma tana da kishiya, to fa bala’in kishin kuma zai kasance irin wanda baka taba gani bane. Sannan kuma ga shi za ta dunga yunqurin juya shi yanda take so idan ta sami dama. Mace mai OLD tare da BPD za ta iya cewa za ta kashe mijin ta ko kishiyan ta ko kuma ta yi yunqurin kashen sun ko kuma taci nasaran aika su barzagu. Kun ga aiki ya lalace kenan. Saboda da haka, idan matan ka tana da alamomin OLD tare da BPD, to wallahi sai ka kula da kyau, idan ba haka ba kuwa za ka iya wayin gari a lahira. Za mu iya juye yawancin bayanan ga maigida shima idan shi ne yake dauke da OLD. Mene ku ke tsammani idan aka ce maigida tare da matan sa duka biyun a ce kowannen su na dauke da BPD tare da OLD? Na bar muku wannan a matsayin wasa kwakwalwa. Kuma irin wannan hadin mai yiwuwa ne.
Domin qarin bayani a game da OLD, ka saurari wannan bidiyon mai suna, ‘What Is Obsessive Love Disorder?’.
Shin ko kai kana tsintan kan ka a cikin tsananin bakin ciki da damuwa da rashin kuzari mai tsawo daga baya kuma kwatsam sai ka ji tsabagen annashuwa da farin ciki mai yawa tare da jiye-jiye ko gane-gane ko daukan saurin fushi na wani lokaci? Wadannan da ma wasu alamonin da yawa zan tattauna su a wannan rubutun. Wasu suna rubuto min cewa suna tattare da da yawa daga cikin alamomin Mental Disorders din da nake bayyanawa sannan kuma ba sa son wadannan dabi’un ko halayyan na su amma kuma sun kasa yanda za su yi su daina, to ina mafita? Ku biyo ni domin samun gamsashshiyar amsa. Mental Disorders din da zan tattauna a yau suna cikin Mental Disorders din da suke cin mana tuwo a kwarya, sun addabi wasu daga cikin sashen mutanen mu amma kuma abin baqin ciki shine mutane ba su da isashshen ilimi akan su (lack of insight) ballantana su nemi irin taimakon da ya dace daga wajen Psychiatrists.
Mene Ake Nufi Da Depression?
Ba kaman yanda mutane suke fassara wannan kalman da cewa ciwon baqin ciki ba, fassaran wannan kalman ya fadada fiye da haka. Sau da yawa zaka ji mutum ya ce Depression ya kama ni da zaran wani abun baqin ciki ya same shi na dan wani lokaci ko kuma ya tashi ba ya jin annashuwa da kuzari. Da farko dai, Depression na daya daga cikin manyan Mental Disorders wanda zai iya tsayuwa da kafan shi shi kadai, ko kuma ya shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders din. Yana daya daga cikin qungiyan Mental Disorders da ake kira Mood Disorders wadanda suke shafan yanda mutum yake jin fushi, ko karsashi, ko iya aikata ayyukan da ya saba yi na yau da kullum. Daya daga cikin babban illan shi idan ba a magance shi ba shine zai iya sa mutum ya ji ya gaji da rayuwar duniya gabadaya har ma ya iya neman daukan ran sa da kansa (suicide) ko kuma ya yi ta tunanin cewa ina ma dai da ace babu ransa ko kuma a wayi gari kawai ya mutu (suicidal ideation).
Depression ya kasu gida-gida, zan maida hankali akan Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) wanda aka fi sani da Clinical Depression.
Bari mu fara zayyana alamomin MDD guda 9 daga baya sai mu yi sharhin su.
Jin bakin ciki tare da yanke qauna ko kuma jin kawai kana son yin kuka a kusan kullum (depressed mood & hopelessness).
Raguwan sha’awan abubuwan da da ka ke son yi wadanda suka shafi dukkanin harkokin ka a kusan kullum (anhedonia).
Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba ko kuma rage qiba ba tare da kana dieting ba ko qara qiba (change in appetite & body weight).
Canji a yanda ka ke samun yin bacci a inda ka ke kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ka saba ko kuma kake yin baccin da ya wuce ƙima kusan a kullum (hypersomnia or insomnia).
Jin kazar-kazar ko kuma ka ji ba ka son tabuka komai da jikin ka kaman kasala (psychomotor agitation or retardation).
Rashin jin karsashi ko jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa ba ka yi aikin da ya cancanci jin irin wannan gajiyan ba kusan a kullum (fatigue or loss of energy).
Jin cewa ba ka da amfani ko kuma yawan zargin kan ka da kan ka (worthlessness or guilt).
Kasa hada hankalin ka ko tunanin ka waje guda ko kasa yanke hukunci kusan a kullum (lack of concentration & indecisiveness).
Yawan yin tunanin mutuwa, ko tunanin da ma ace ka mutu, ko kuma yunqurin kashe kanka (suicidal ideation or suicide attempt).
Sai aqalla 5 daga cikin wadannan alamomi 9 sun tabbata kuma sun wanzu har sati 2 cikakke koma fiye da haka sannan kuma dole daya daga cikin alamomin ya kasance #1 ko #2. Akwai wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wadannan yanayi har shekara 1 a yara kenan ko kuma shekaru 2 a manya, a irin wannan yanayi, cutan ta tashi daga MDD ta zama Dysthymia.
Shin wanda MDD ya kama shi zai iya fahimtar haka wato zai samu insight har ma ya nemi agaji wajen Psychiatrist ko kuwa sai dai wani na kusa da shi wanda yake lura da sauyin yanayin sa kaman matan shi ko dan’uwan shi ko abokin shi ne zai iya gane halin da ya shiga? Saboda yanda MDD yake durqusar da rayuwan mutum, za ka cewa mutum shi da kanshi zai iya gane cewa fa duniyan shi na tafiya a bai-bai ko kuma sama ya koma qasa amma ba dole ne ya fahimci cewan MDD ne ya kama shi. Sai ya kasa gane kanshi gabadaya. ‘Yan abubuwan da da yake jin dadin yin su kaman na bangaren wasanni ko motsa jiki, ko hulda da mutane, ko karatu, ko aiki, ko fira da wasa da iyali, duk sai yaji sun fita a ransa. Sai yaga babu abinda yake so sai dai ya kwanta shi kadai kaman mutum-mutumi ba uhm ba uhm-uhm, da kyar ma wani lokacin zai iya tashi ya ci abinci ko yayi salla. Tsaftan jikin sa ma da na inda yake zaune sai ya gagare shi, sai kaga mutum ya koma zama cikin dauda a wani lokacin. Kila a da ya saba fita yin salla a masallaci sau 5 a rana, sai kawai ya ji baya son fita zuwa masallacin kuma tare da jin tsananin kasala ko kuma ciwon kai ko ciwon jiki wanda koda ace zai je asibiti domin a yi mai gwajin jinin shi wato test domin a gano ko akwai wata cuta ne a jikin shi, to babu abun da za a gani bayan shi kuma yasan cewa yana jin ciwo a jikin shi. Wani zai iya qauracema zuwa aiki ko makaranta kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga zabga lattin zuwa tare da rashin ba aikin ko karatun mahimmanci. Idan dalibi ne zai iya qin yin duk wani homework, ko test wani lokaci ma har examinations din zai iya guje musu, kunga dole ya sami carryover kenan. Idan kuma a wajen aiki ne zai iya qin yin aikin da aka bashi kwata-kwata ko kuma ya dunga kasancewa shi ne na kashin baya a wajen yin aikin da aka ba kowa sai ya yi wato missing deadlines. Daga qarshe, sai mutum ya ji ma cewa gabadaya duniyan ta ishe shi, ina ma dai ace bashi a duniyan, ina ma dai ace a wayi gari kawai sai aji cewa ya rasu, ina ma dai ace ya hallaka kanshi da kanshi domin ya yaye ma kanshi baqin cikin da ke damun shi. Idan ba a yi sa’a ba, sai kawai a wayi gari a ji cewa ai wane ya kashe kanshi ta hanyar rataye kanshi ko kuma shan guba ko kuma ta wani hanyar dabam, Allah Ya tsare. Tabbas wadannan alamomi ne a fili da mutanen da ke kusa da shi wanda MDD ya kama za su iya lura da wadannan sauye-sauyen a cikin rayuwan shi na yau da kullum kaman matan shi, abokin shi, iyayen shi, malamin shi da kuma shugaban shi a wajen aiki. A irin haka ne, sai wani lokaci mutane su yi zaton cewa wai anyi mai sihiri ne shi yasa duk wadannan sababbin dabi’un suka bayyana a gareshi. Ya zama wajibi ga duk wanda ya lura cewa dan’uwan sa ya sami kan sa a cikin wannan yanayin da ya agaje shi yayi saurin kai shi asibiti wajen Psychiatrist domin a duba lafiyan shi yanda ya kamata kafin abubuwan su tabarbare har ya kai ga cewa an kore a wajen aikin shi ko kuma a kore shi a makarantan gabadaya saboda yin fashi ko kuma rashin yin jarabawa a inda ya tara carryovers rututu. Kaman yanda na fada a baya cewa Depression yana shiga cikin wasu Mental Disorders da yawa, zan yi cikakken bayani akan kowani daya daga cikin su. Wani lokaci samun Depression yana nuni alaman cewa mutum yana dauke da wani Mental Disorder na daban kuma da ma yawancin Mental Disorders suna faruwa ne fiye da daya a mutum guda wato Comorbidity. Za ka iya samun mutum daya yana da Mental Disorders guda 2, 3, 5, 8, ko ma fiye da haka. Ya zama tilas ga duk dan’Adam ya fahimci alamomin Depression da kyau saboda ya iya kare kansa ko kuma wani nasa daga fadawa halaka.
Abubuwa da dama suke kawo Depression (in general, including MDD) kaman rashin daidaituwan wasu sinadarai (neurotransmitters) wanda suke rarraba saqo a cikin kwakwalwan mutum, ko kuma canje-canje na yawan sinadarin hormones (estrogen da progesterone) a jikin mace wanda zai iya yin sanadin samun PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), ko kuma gado, ko rashin isashshen Vitamin D wanda yake sa qarfin qashi, ko shan kwaya, ko wasu cutan jiki (medical illnesses) kaman ciwon zuciya ko cancer. Ana iya samun sauqi sosai daga Depression saboda akwai magunguna da yawa za a iya ba mutum domin ya sami sauqin halin da ya shiga amma dole sai an sha maganin na wani tsawon lokaci sannan za a sami sauqin da ya kamata.
Depression yana iya samun yara haka ma manya amma ya fi samun mata akan maza sau 2. Saboda yanda yake shafan harkokin mutum, Depression na iya zafafa wadannan Medical Conditions din: arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity.
Ku saurari Dr. Ramani Durvasula (Professor na Clinical Psychology) a inda ta ƙara sharhi a kan waɗannan alamomin na MDD mai suna, ‘How to Spot Severe Depression vs Feeling Depressed’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzO8EAOEGJ8
Ka karanta wannan maqalan domin samun qarin bayani, ‘Everything You Need to Know About Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)’.
Shi ma Bipolar Disorder (BD) yana daya daga cikin Mood Disorders, wato gidan su daya da Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko kuma abin da muka fi kira da Depression. Ba kasancewa ma gidan su daya ba kawai, ‘yan daki daya ne saboda shi Bipolar a mafi yawancin lokuta za ka ga cewa yana qunshe da MDD a cikin alamomin shi tare da Mania ko kuma Hypomania, zan yi bayanin wadannan kalmomin a qasa tare da alamomin su. A mafi yawancin lokuta, Bipolar na sa mutum ne ya dunga tsilla-tsilla a tsakanin Mania (tsananin jin garau tare da kazar-kazar da jin kai da ma jiye-jiye ko gane-gane) da Major Depression Episode (MDD) wanda na yi cikakken bayanin shi a sama. Hypomania, qanin Mania ne domin shi alamomin shi ba sa zafafa kaman na Mania sannan kuma babu jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (Psychosis).
Mania
Alamomin Mania wato Manic Episode sun qunshi:
Ji-ji da kai da qafafa da sawa a ranka cewa kai wani ne (grandiosity). A wannan halin, mutum zai iya jiye-jiye ko gane-gane (psychosis) har ma a wani lokaci yace Allah Ya yi magana da shi kuma Ya ce mai yayi abubuwa kaza da kaza domin ya ceci al’umma (grandiose delusion). A wani lokaci, mutum zai iya jin cewa shi na musamman ne kaman wani superhero ko yace shi ne mahadin da zai zo qarshen zamani ko yace shi annabi ne. Ko ya nemi matsayin da yafi qarfin shi kaman yace zai tsaya takaran shugaban qasa bayan cewa matsayin shi a cikin mutane ba zai taba samun irin wannan martaban ba kaman yanda Kanye West wani shaharren mawaqi baqin fata ya yi a America saboda yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder. Shin kuna ganin cewa wannan misalin za iya hadaw da ‘yan takaran shugaban qasa wadanda ko quri’a daya ba sa samu a zaben fidda gwani wato Primary Election na Party din su?
Rashin buqatan yin bacci tare da jin garau kuma koda kuwa mutum baccin awa 3 kadai ya samu a rana. A wani lokaci ma mutum zai iya yin sati 1 cur ba tare da ya runtsa ba kwata-kwata kuma ya ji shi garau babu wani matsala (decreased need for sleep). Yawancin lokuta wannan alaman ne yake nuna cewa an fara shiga Mania daga baya sai sauran alamun su biyo shi.
Tadi ko jin yin magana kaman an kunna rediyo (talkative)
Kasa tsayar da tunani a waje daya sai mutum ya yi ta jin tunani kala-kala nau’i-nau’i suna ta karakaina a cikin kwakwalwan shi (flight of ideas).
Saurin dauke hankali da saurin shagala da abu mara amfani (distractibility).
Jin qarfi fiye da qima, saurin fusata (irritable mood) ko qara yin ayyukan da suke sa a cimma wani manufa a cikin mutane, ko makaranta, ko wajen aiki (increase in goal-directed activity). A cikin wannan yanayi, za ka ga mutum ya duqufa ka’in da na’in wajen aiwatar da ayyukan da za su sa ya cimma wani buri kaman yawan rubuce-rubuce masu matuqar amfani, ko duqufa a kan wani karatu ko bada himma sosai a wajen aiki.
Qaruwan ayyukan da za su iya cutar da mutum kaman kashe-kashen kudi ba tunani, saduwa, kasuwancin bogi (impulsivity). Mutum zai iya qin zuwa wajen aiki kaman na sati 1 ko 2 sai ya je ya kama daki a hotel mai shegen tsada (presidential suite) har sai ya kashe duk ‘yan kudin da ya tara a banza a wofi sannan ya dawo babu ko taro. Zai kuma iya yin kyautar duk abin da ya mallaka shi kuma ya koma abin tausayi. A wani lokaci kuma mutum zai shiga cinikayyar bogi a inda za a damfare shi duka kudaden shi. Mace za ta iya shiga karuwanci.
Alamomin Hypomania sun qunshi duka alamomin Mania guda 7 na sama sai dai banda jiye-jiye ko gane-gane wato Psychosis sannan sauran alamomin ba su da qarfin da suke da shi irin na Mania. Sannan kuma alamomin Mania suna wanzuwa ne a kullum har zuwa aqalla kwanaki 7 ko sama da haka su kuwa na Hypomania suna wanzuwa ne aqalla kwanaki 4 ko sama da haka. Wato a taqaice dai Hypomania qanin Mania ne. Sannan duk wadannan alamomin sai ya kasance cewa ba wani ciwon jiki bane wato Medical Condition ko wani magani ko kwaya ya kawo su.
Bipolar I Da Bipolar II
Bipolar Disorder ya kasu zuwa gida biyu ne Bipolar I da Bipolar II. Bipolar I shine wanda ya qunshi faruwan Mania (aqalla alamomi 3 daga ciki) sannan kuma suka wanzu har aqalla kwanaki 7 zuwa sama da haka ko da kuwa sau 1 hakan ya faru a rayuwan mutum. A wani lokaci mai Bipolar I zai iya samun Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ko Hypomania amma ba dole bane.
Shi kuma Bipolar II ya qunshi Hypomania tare da Major Depressive Episode (MDD). Dole mai dauke da Bipolar II ya kasance ya taba samun MDD a rayuwarsa kafin a ce yana dauke da Bipolar II. Sannan a duk sanda ya sami Mania, to ya tashi daga Bipolar II ya koma Bipolar I ko da sau 1 a rayuwarsa.
A taqaice dai kusan MDD ya shiga cikin Bipolar I & II amma ba dole ne a same shi a wajen mai Bipolar I ba amma dole ya kasance a wanda yake da Bipolar II. Mai Bipolar yana canzawa ne a tsakanin Mania ko Hypomania izuwa Depression, haka abin zai ta jujjuyawa lokaci bayan lokaci. Amma Bipolar II ya fi samun Depression yana maimaituwa mashi ko kuma ya kasance ya jima sosai. A wani lokacin kuma, Mania ko Hypomania na iya haduwa da Depression.
Akwai magungunan da ake ba masu Bipolar Disorder domin su sassaita musu matsalolin da suke samu a lokacin Depression ko Mania ko Hypomania. Sai a tuntube Psychiatrist idan ana zaton cewa mutum na dauke da Bipolar. A wani lokacin, Depression din ne zai fara addaban mutum sosai kafin ya samu Mania. Da zaran kuwa ya samu Mania ko Hypomania, to sai ciwon na shi ya tashi daga MDD zuwa Bipolar I ko Bipolar II. Ba a cewa mutum na dauke da MDD tare da Bipolar sai dai ace MDD kawai idan babu Mania ko Hypomania ko kuma a ce Bipolar kawai da zaran an gano cewa ya taba samun Mania ko Hypomania. Sannan kuma a wani lokaci akan iya samun rudani a tsakanin alamomin ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) da na Bipolar saboda alamomin Mania na iya kama da na ADHD. Idan aka je wajen Psychiatrist, shi zai iya tantancewa a tsakanin su duk da yake cewa mutum daya zai iya kasancewa yana dauke da Bipolar Disorder tare da ADHD. Daga qarshe, bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya gadon Bipolar Disorder sosai.
Domin samun qarin bayani, ka kalli wannan bidiyon wanda wani kwararren Psychiatrist mai suna Dr. Domenick Sportelli ya yi mai taken, ‘What Is Bipolar Disorder?’.
Sanannen abu ne cewa halittan ‘ya mace ya bambanta da na ɗa namiji a inda za mu ga cewa su mata suna yin al’ada (menses) a kusan duk wata daya sannan kuma suna da kafa ta inda da yake bi ya fito. A sakamakon haka, suna da wasu Mental Disorders da suka kebanta da su kaɗai waɗanda su ke da alaƙa da al’adan su wato Pre-menstrual Disphoric Disorder (PMDD) da kuma yanayin gaban su wato Genito-Pelvic Penetration Pain Disorder (GPPPD). Duk da yake waɗannan Disorders guda 2 sun shafi mata ne kaɗai, amma fa akwai tsananin buƙatan maza ma su fahimce su da kyau saboda su san yanda za su yi zaman lafiya tare da fahimtar juna da matan su idan suna dauke da waɗannan Disorders ɗin. Su kuma mata dama wajibi ne a gare su su san waɗannan Disorders din saboda sune ya shafa, wasu daga cikin su sun san su wasu kuma ba su san su ba.
Menene Pre-menstrual Disphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Bari mu fara zayyana alamomin PMDD guda 11 daga baya sai mu yi sharhi.
Saurin canzawan yanayin mace daga jin garau sai kawai ta ji bacin rai, ko kuma ta ji kawai tana so tayi kuka (marked affective lability).
Saurin yin fushi tare da hauhawan janyo husuma tsakanin ta da sauran mutane (marked irritability, anger, increased interpersonal conflicts). Hattara ga maigida: Dole sai ka ƙara haƙuri sosai da uwargida tare da kau da kai akan ire-iren abubuwan takala da za ta yi maka idan ta shiga wannan halin idan ba haka ba kuwa, to za kai ta yin dauki ba dadi da uwargida.
Jin rashin karsashi tare da cire rai (marked depressed mood & hopelessness).
Tsananin jin damuwa da ƙunci da taraddadi (marked anxiety and tension).
Raguwan sha’awan abubuwan da da take son yi wadanda suka shafi harkan wajen aiki, makaranta, ƙawaye, da dai sauran su (anhedonia).
Wahala a wajen tsayar da hankalinta da tunanin ta a waje ɗaya (subjective difficulty in concentration).
Rashin jin karsashi tare da tsanin gajiya koda kuwa bata yi aikin da ya cancanci jin irin wannan gajiyan ba (lethargy & fatigue).
Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ta saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ta saba ko kuma jin sha’awan cin wani abincin na musamman (marked change in appetite).
Canji a yanda take samun yin bacci a inda take kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ta saba ko kuma take yin baccin da ya wuce ƙima (hypersomnia or insomnia).
Jin kaman abubuwa sun yi mata katutu ko rashin sarrafuwa (overwhelmed or out of control).
Alamomin da ya shafi jiki (physical symptoms): Kumburin nono, jin kaman jikin ta ya kumbura ko kuma jin kaman ta ƙara ƙiba, sannan kuma jin tsananin ciwon jiki ko ciwon kai.
Domin samun cikakken ƙarin bayani a game da PMDD, ka nemi, ‘Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association)’ wanda za ka iya sauke shi daga wannan adireshin: https://t.me/elibrary_mobile/6658
Sai mace tana da aƙalla 5 daga cikin waɗannan alamomin 11 – aƙalla 1 ko fiye da haka daga cikin 1 – 4 hakanan 5 – 11 – sannan za a ce tana dauke da PMDD amma fa Psychiatrists ne suke iya ayyana cewa ko mace tana dauke PMDD ko a’a. Sannan kuma alamomin sai sun kasance sun bayyana a duk satin ƙarshe wanda mace take da tsarki kaman kwanaki 5 kafin ta fara al’ada sai kuma tsananin su ya ragu da zaran ta fara al’ada ko zuwa kwanaki 2 bayan ta fara al’adan ko kuma su bace kwata-kwata ko su ragu sosai a cikin satin farko bayan al’adan. Yawancin lokuta PMDD yana ɗaukan kwanaki 4 – 7 kafin ya tafi.
Bambanci Tsakanin PMDD Da Depression (Major Depressive Episode)
Alamomin nan guda 11 kusan dai su ne alamomin ciwon Depression ko kuma abin da ake kira da Major Depressive Episode (MDD) wanda zan yi cikakken bayani a game da shi a cikin rubutun da zan yi mai zuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin bambancin PMDD da MDD shine, MDD dole sai ya yi aƙalla sati 2 cif kafin akira alamomin cutan Depression MDD wani lokaci ma ya na iya kaiwa har wata 6 shi kuwa PMDD sati 1 yafi kaiwa sannan sai ya bace kwata-kwata bayan mace tayi tsarki. Sannan kuma hanyoyin da ake bi wajen magance su ma ya bambanta. Zai yiwu mace ta kasance tana dauke da PMDD da MDD duka a tare wato Comorbidity amma Psychiatrist ne kaɗai zai iya tantance hakan.
Ku saurari Dr. Ramani Durvasula (Professor na Clinical Psychology) a inda ta ƙara sharhi a kan waɗannan alamomin na PMDD mai suna, ‘The 11 Traits of PMDD [vs Depression]’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rG4DJLG_uA
Bambanci Tsakanin PMDD Da Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Yawancin mata sun fi sanin Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS) akan PMDD. Shi ma PMS, kaman PMDD wani yanayi ne da mata ke shiga wanda yake shafan dabi’un su, da kuma halayyan su har da ma lafiyan jikin su. Alamomin PMS da na PMDD kusan duka daya ne sai dai alamomin sun fi zafafa a PMDD. Alal misali, wasu masu dauke da PMDD har kwantar da su ake yi a asibiti saboda tsananin ciwon da suke ji a jikin su wasu kuma dole sai sun haɗa da shan maganin kashe zafi wato analgesics. Masu PMS suna iya jin ciwon kai ko ƙurjin fuska ya fito musu (pimples) da dai sauran alamomin PMDD wadanda na bayar a sama amma fa ba da ƙarfin da za su zo ma mai PMDD ba. Sannan kuma, PMS yana iya farawa ne daga sakin kwan mace (ovulation) har izuwa kwanaki 5 bayan al’adan ta ya iso, kusan yana kamawa sati 2 kenan kafin al’adanta ya zo ga wanda zagayowan al’adan ta (menstrual cycle) yake kamawa duk bayan sati 4, shi kuwa PMDD yana zuwa ne kimanin kwanaki 5 kafin zuwan al’ada. PMS yana kama kusan mata 48 %, shi kuwa PMDD yana kama kusan mata 3 – 8 % ne kawai kuma ba a jima sosai da gano shi ba. A taƙaice dai shi PMDD ya fi durƙusadda mace ta hanyan tauye yanda ta saba tafiyar da harkokin ta na yau da kullum. Budurwa ko kuma matan aure dukkan su za su iya samun PMDD ko PMS.
Bari mu fara kawo alamomin GPPPD guda 4 daga baya sai mu yi sharhi.
Wahalan kwanciya da maigida ta gaban ta (vaginal penetration).
Jin matsanancin zafi a gaba ko ƙashin ƙugu a yayin kwanciya (vulvovaginal or pelvic pain)
Jin matsanancin tsoro ko fargaban jin zafi a gaba ko kuma ƙashin ƙugu a yayin kwanciya.
Matsanancin tsukewan ƙugu a sa’ilin da akayi yuƙurin kwanciya.
Macen da take da aƙalla 1 ko fiye da 1 daga cikin waɗannan alamomin ne ake cewa tana dauke da GPPPD. A baya (1994) wato a DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition), ana kiran waɗannan alamomin da suna Sexual Pain Disorders wadanda suka ƙunshi Dyspareunia (jin zafin kwanciya) da Vaginismus (tsukewan gaba ko ƙugu). Daga baya kuma a 2013, sai aka haɗe waɗannan Disorders din guda biyu a waje guda a ƙarƙashin GPPPD a cikin DSM-5. Daga waɗannan alamomin, zamu fahimci cewa duk macen da take dauke da GPPPD to za ta fuskanci zullumi da fargaban kwanciya wasu ma har abin ya kai ga sun tsani kwanciyan gabadaya. GPPPD yana iya samun matan aure ne bisa ga la’akari da alamomin shi wadanda duka suke tattare da kwanciya. Akwai wasu cututtukan daban da za su iya sa uwargida jin zafin kwanciya, likita ne kaɗai zai iya yankewa shin GPPPD ne ko kuwa wani cutan ne na daban.
Shawara Ga Maigida
Ya zama wajibi akan maigida da ya fahimci alamomin PMDD sosai saboda idan ya kasance cewa uwargida tana da shi to sai ayi hanzarin zuwa ganin Psychiatrist. Sannan kuma idan Psychiatrist ya tabbatar mata da shi to sai ka sami calendar ka dunga ƙidayan sanda ake tsammanin zuwan shi domin a lallaba uwargida sannan kuma a kauce ma duk wani takala da uwargida za ta yi a cikin wannan lokacin da PMDD zai addabe ta (kwanaki 4 -7). Koda kuwa bata da PMDD, to idan tana da PMS ma ya kamata a kula da ita sosai idan alamomin sun bayyana ko ta samu sauƙin halin da ta shiga.
Idan kuwa ya kasance uwargida tana dauke da GPPPD, to fa dole sai maigida ya bi a hankali wajen kwanciya da iyali tare da yin haƙuri a wasu lokutan. Sannan kuma a je a ga likita domin akwai hanyoyin da za a bi wajen magance alamomin GPPPD.
Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:
Tsananin Fushi, Bala’in Kishi Da Kuma Depression: MDD, BD, BPD, OLD
Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
Bayan na fitar da maqala ta a game da ciwon aljanu a inda na tabbatar da cewa alamomin da muke gani wadanda muke yanke cewa mutum na dauke da ciwon aljanu, to wadannan alamomi ne na wani Mental Disorder mai suna Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) wanda aka fi sani da Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) a da. Yanayin saqonnin da na samu a game da wannan matsala ya qara tabbatar min da cewa mutane suna da qarancin wayewa a game da ilimin Mental Health wato lafiyan halayya (emotional) da kuma dabi’un (psychological) dan’Adam. A sabili da haka ne na ga dacewar in yi rubutu kashi-kashi a game da Mental Health tare da Mental Disorder wanda yake nufin gamayyan wasu alamomi wadanda suke yin illa ga yanda ka ke tsinkayan abubuwa (feel) da kuma yanda ka ke tunani (think).
Kaman yanda mafi yawancin ku ku ka sani ne cewa ni ba likita ba ne, ni Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a jami’an da ake kira University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Amma kasancewa na zauna da mutane da yawa masu Mental Disorders a inda har ma na ke daukan wasu in kai su asibiti wajen Psychiatrist (likitan dabi’u da halayyar dan’Adam) da kaina domin nema musu lafiya tare da cewa kuma ni mai sha’awa ne da bincike a game da Mental Disorders, hakan ya bani daman fahimtar wadannan matsalolin sosai. Saboda haka, duk wani Mental Disorder da zan yi tsokaci akai a cikin wadannan rubuce-rubucen da zan yi, to matsaloli ne wadanda na sansu sosai kuma na yi mu’amala da masu irin matsalolin na qut da qut ba wai kawai na karanta su bane ko kuma naji anyi bayanin su, a’a. Saboda haka, kaman yanda na yi kutse a bangaren ciwon sukari wato Diabetes saboda nima na taba samun cutan amma kuma na warke, har ta kai ga cewa na shiryar da mutane da dama da taimakon Allah (SWA) hanyar da za su bi domin su yaye kansu daga shan magani kuma su samu waraka ta hanyan kiyaye abin da za su ci tare da motsa jiki, ina fatan ma a wannan karon cewa Allah (SWA) zai albarkaci wadannan rubuce-rubucen da zan yi a game da Mental Disorders har mutane su ilmantu sosai domin kare Mental Health din su yanda ya kamata.
Menene Mental Disorder?
Kaman yanda na fara bayani a sama cewa Mental Disorder yana nufin tattaruwan wasu alamomi wadanda suke iya jirkitadda yanayin da mutum yake tsinkayan abubuwa da kuma yanda ya ke tunani da mu’amala da mutane. Irin wadannan alamomin suna saka mutum ya shiga cikin matsanancin damuwa (subjective distress) sannan kuma suna janyo matsala ko naqasa (impairment) a game da yanda mutum yake mu’amala da iyalin shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi (wato a gida), da abokan aikin shi ko kuma abokan karantun shi (pervasive). Irin wadannan alamomin za su iya jimawa mutum yana fuskantan su (persistent), ko kuma a wani lokaci sai su zo gadan-gadan kaman saukan ruwan sama (relapse) daga baya kuma sai su yi likimo kaman anyi ruwan an dauke (remission). A wani sa’in ma sau daya kacal za su faru (single episode).
Manyan abubuwan da suke kawo Mental Disorders sun hada da gado (genetics), yanayin muhallin da mutum ya taso (environment), dabi’un yau da kullum da aka dora mutum akai (daily habits), da kuma yanayin halittan mutum (biology). Domin qarin bayani, ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Maryam Almustapha.
Manyan Alamomi 17 Da Ke Nuna Cewa Kana Dauke Da Mental Disorder
Matsanancin damuwa ko tsoro (extreme worry or fear)
Matsanancin baqin ciki ko rashin kuzari (extremely sad or down)
Kasa maida hankali waje guda har mutum ya kasa fahimtar karatu ko kuma abin da yake karatawa (disorganized thinking or difficulty concentrating and learning)
Kwatsam, sai mutum ya ji tsananin farin ciki da annashuwa har na zuwa aqalla kwanaki 4 tare da yin ayyukan bazata kaman almubazzaranci, ko karuwanci wadanda za su iya cutar da mutum. (mania)
Jimawa kana jin matsanancin haushi yanda ana tabo ka sai bala’i (sustained or intense feelings or irritability or anger)
Guje ma abokai ko ‘yan’uwa ko qin yin mu’amalan da mutum ya saba yi da mutane ko a ayyukan sa na yau da kullum (avoiding friends or relatives and social activity)
Kasa fahimtar yanda zakayi mu’amala da mutane yanda ya dace (difficulties understanding or relating to other people)
Canji a yanda mutum yake samun yin bacci a inda mutum yake kasa yin bacci sosai yanda ya saba ko kuma yake yin baccin da ya wuce qima tare da rashin kuzari da kuma yawan jin tsananin gajiya koda kuwa bakayi aikin gajiya ba (sleep disturbance and fatigue)
Rashin cin abinci kaman yanda ka saba ko kuma cin abincin fiye da yanda ka saba (changes in eating habits)
Qarin kuzari ko kuma rashin shi a gado (changes in sex drive)
Kasa banbance zahiri tare da yin jiye-jiye ko gane-ganen abubuwan da babu su a zahiri tare da yarda da imani da abinda ba zai taba yiyuwa ba a zahiri (psychosis: hallucination and delusion)
Rashin fahimtar cewa ka canza a yanda ka saba sannan kuma dabi’un ka sun canza ko sun tabarbare (lack of insight)
Yin tatil da giya da kuma tunanin ta a kodayaushe ko kuma shan kwaya ko kuma shan magani har ya wuce qiman da ya kamata (drug abuse)
Yawan yin ciwon kai ko ciwon ciki ko ciwon da mutum ba ma zai iya siffanta shi ba takamaimai sannan kuma koda anje asibiti akayi gwaji ba za a ga wani matsala ba (somatic complaints)
Tunanin cutadda kanka ko kuma tunanin kashe kanka (self-harm or suicidality)
Tsananin damuwan yin qiba ko kuma yanda suran mutum yake (dysmorphic)
Kasa mu’amala da mutane ko kuma kasa yin aiki yanda mutum ya saba na yau da kullum ko kuma kasa jure gwagwarmayan rayuwa na yau da kullum saboda wadannan matsalolin 1 – 16. (socioeconomic dysfunction)
Idan kaga cewa daya ko kuma fiye da daya daga cikin wadannan manyan alamomin Mental Disorders sun tabbata a gare ka kuma ba tare da bayan ka sha kwaya bane sannan kuma baka da wani matsala na jiki wato physical illness, to ya kamata ka ga Psychiatrist ko Clinical Psychologist domin ya duba ka yanda ya kamata.
Idan kana neman cikakken sharhin wadannan alamomin, to ka kalli bidiyon Dr. Fox (kwararren Clinical Psychologist) mai suna, ‘17 Signs You Could Have a Mental Illness’.
Mu sani cewa akwai sama da 300 Mental Disorders wadanda aka tabbatar da su a likitance kuma sun bambamta da junan su wajen tsanani (severity) da kuma yanda suke saka damuwa (subjective distress) da naqasa (impairment) ga mai dauke su. Shin ko ka san cewa in’ina wato stammering ko stuttering yana daga cikin Mental Disorders? Ana kiran in’ina wanda mutum ya fara a yarinta Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (COFD). Mutum zai iya samun waraka gabaki daya daga Mental Disorder kaman in’ina ya na bacewa kwata-kwata wani lokaci idan mutum ya girma ko kuma ya ragu sosai. Wasu Mental Disorders din kuma sai dai mutum ya fahimce su da kyau sannan kuma ya koyi yanda zai dunga kiyayewa idan alamomin sun taso mai ranga-ranga (Psychotherapy). A wasu lokutan ma har magani ake bayar wa ko kuma a gasa kwakwalwan (Electro-convulsive therapy – ECT). Amma fa ku sani da cewa ba a dakatar da shan maganin Mental Disorders tashi guda, sai dai a rage a hankali a hankali (tapering) kaman yanda Psychiatrist zai bada shawara idan buqatan hakan ta kama. Kuma yawanci ana shan su ne na tsawon lokaci, wasu wata 6, wasu har shekaru ma, wasu kuma muddin rai.
Ga wasu daga cikin alamomin Mental Disorders tare da ainihin sunayen su.
Tsananin jin tsoro tare da fargaba idan mutum ya ga kyankyaso, gizo-gizo, bera, ko yin allura, ko hawa jirgin sama da dai sauran su (Phobia)
Shiga matsanancin damuwa da mata ke yi a cikin satin qarshe kafin zuwan al’adan su a inda za a lura cewa wani abu na damun su sosai wasu har da ciwon gabbai da tsoka, tare da rashin iya maida hankali da saurin gajiya ko rashin jin qarfi sosai, ga saurin jin haushi da yin fada ko a gida ko a wajen aiki da dai sauran su (Pre-menstrual Dysphoric Disorder – PMDD). Ya kamata maza su laqanci alamomin wannan disorder din saboda kiyaye uwargida idan tana da shi, idan kuma ba haka ba, to za ayi dauki ba dadi. ☺️
Kasa samun bacci gabadaya ko kuma yin baccin dan kadan da daddare amma kuma gari na wayewa sai ka ji baccin ya zo. Idan ma zaka sami dama zaka iya yin bacci ma’ishi tun safe har rana koma zuwa yamma (Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome – DSPS, daya daga cikin bangaren Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder).
Yaro mai tsilla-tsilla wanda baya iya zama wuri guda a yanayin da ake da buqatan yin hakan, kuma baya iya yin wasa shiru ba tare da yana iface-iface ba da zabure-zabure. Kuma a makaranta ma yana yawan tsilla-tsilla a cikin ji koda kuwa akwai malami a ciki kuma yana da yawan wasa da hannun shi yayi tabe-tabe ko kuma qafan shi ga yawan guje-guje da tadi da batar da kayayyakin shi da rashin tsayar da hankali a wajen karatu ga saurin bada amsa a cikin aji koda kuwa ba a tambaye shi ba (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – ADHD).
Mai qa’ida, mai taurin kai wanda idan ya kafe a abu, to babu mai iya daga shi, mai tsananin kiyaye mutunci tare da bin dokoki sau da qafa, ga maqo (shi bai ci ba kuma bai bayar an ci ba) ko kuma tsantseni wajen kashe kudi. Sannan ya na da qoqarin ganin cewa duk wani aiki sai an yi shi batare da wani kuskure ba (Mr. Perfect), kuma wani lokaci ma garin neman ayi aiki dari bisa dari sai kuma a kasa gama aikin akan lokaci. Kuma ba shi da daga qafa, duk dokan da ya gindaya to dole a bishi a haka babu sassauci tare da son cewa sai anyi abu a yanda yake so ko ya tsara (bossy). Sannan kuma agogo ne sarkin aiki (workaholic), a office aiki, a gida aiki, hatta weekend har ma abin ya kai ga cewa iyali ma basa samun lokacin shi yanda ya kamata domin yin fira ko kuma fita shaqatawa a waje, babu abin da yafi darjantawa irin aikin shi (Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder – OCPD). Wannan daban ne da mai OCD.
Tsananin ji da kai da ganin cewa shi na musamman ne (grandiosity) da kuma matuqar son a yaba mai koda kuwa bai cancanci yabon ba tare da nuna halin ko in kula da yanayin da mutum ke ciki na buqata ko damuwa (lack of empathy). Sannan kuma yana amfani da yaudara wajen cin ma burin shi, ga tsananin ji-ji da kai (arrogant) da hassada da neman ganin bayan mutum (Narcissistic Personality Disorder – NPD).
Domin samun cikakken qarin bayani a kan wadannan Mental Disorders din da kuma yanda ake sarrafa su, ka nemi, ‘Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association)’ wanda za ka iya sauke shi daga wannan adireshin: https://t.me/elibrary_mobile/6658
Idan ka ga cewa kana dauke da daya daga cikin wadannan Mental Disorders din guda 6 tum ma ba 2-6 ba, to yakamata kaje kaga Psychiatrist domin ya binciki lafiyan ka da kyau. Mu sani cewa lafiya fa ba shine rashin cuta a jiki ba kaman ace jiwon kai, ciki, hawan jinni, sukari wato physical illness kenan, lafiya ta qunshi rashin physical illness da kuma rashin Mental Illness ko Mental Disorder. Saboda haka, samun dawwamammen Mental Health yana da matuqar muhimmanci saboda rashin shi zai iya haddasa ma mutum physical illness da yawa. Sai mu kula. Mental Disorder shi ne dai ake kira Mental Illness, ko Psychological Disorder ko Psychiatric Disorder.
Wanene Yakamata Ya Duba Mai Mental Disorder?
Da zaran mutum ya fuskanci cewa yana dauke da wani Mental Disorder ko kuwa wani nashi ne yake dauke da shi ko kuma daya daga cikin alamomin da na zayyana a sama (1-17) sun bayyana sai a garzaya zuwa asibiti domin a ga likitan dabi’u da halayyan dan’Adam wato Psychiatrist. A wasu garuruwan, babu Psychiatrist kwata-kwata, a irin wannan yanayi, sai ka nemi Clinical Psychologist idan za ka samu amma dai Psychiatrist ne yafi cancanta mutum ya gani da farko kafin ganin Clinical Psychologist.
Domin qarin bayani a game da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da na tattauna, ka karanta wannan maqalan mai taken, ‘Mental Health Basics: Types of Mental Illness, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More’. https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health
Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:
Wasu Daga Cikin Mental Disorders Wadanda Suka Shafi Mata Kadai: PMDD & GPPPD
Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
