Tare Da: Dr. Salihu Lukman

Gabatarwa

A mafi yawancin lokuta, muna jin mutane suna fassara Psychiatry da asibitin mahaukata ko kuma masu tabin hankali sannan suna fassara Psychiatrist da likitan kwakwalwa ko tabin hankali. Za mu kalli wadannan fassarorin guda biyu domin mu gano haqiqanin fassaran da su ka dace da wadannan kalmonin. Sanin ingantacciyar fassarorin wadannan kalmomin biyu na da tasiri sosai wajen sabbaba kyama da tsangwama (Stigma) da kuma gujema zuwa asibitin Psychiatry ko kuma Psychiatric Clinic don neman lafiya ko da kuwa buqatan yin hakan ta kama. Hakan yasa sai ka ga cewa mutane suna jifan duk wanda aka ganshi a Psychiatry ya je ganin likita da mahaukaci, ko mai tabin hankali, ko kuma ace ya zare. Zan kuma yi qarin haske a kan me yasa mafi yawancin mutanen da hukuma kaman kotu, ko makaranta, ko iyaye za su nemi a duba ‘lafiyar kwakwalwan su’ a Psychiatry sai mu ji cewa wai likitoci sun tabbatar da kwakwalwan su lafiyar ta qalau wato ba su da wani Mental Illness baya ga cewa an tabbatar da wasu alamomin munanan halayya a tare da su. A cikin wannan qasidan, zan kuma duba abubuwa kamar haka: wanene likitan kwakwalwa da kuma menene ciwon kwakwalwa?

 

Ciwon Kwakwalwa

Neurology: Wannan daya daga cikin bangaren likitanci ne wanda ya kebanta da cututtukan da suka shafi Nervous System kadai. Ita kuma Nervous System wata hanyar sadarwa ce wanda take kula da aiwatar da aikin jiki na motsi, da ji (Sensation), da tunani (Thought & emotion). Nervous System ta qunshi kwakwalwa, da bargon qashin baya (Spinal cord), da kuma dukkanin sauran jijiyoyin da suka hada sauran jiki da kwakwalwa ko bargon qashin baya. Ga kadan daga cikin ire-iren cututtukan da ya shafi Neurology.

• Ciwon kai mai tsanani (Migraines & headaches)
• Farfadiya (Epilepsy & Seizures) da kuma rashin iya sarrafa gabbai yanda ya kamata (Cerebral palsy).
• Yawan karkaduwan hannu, ko qafa ko kai (Parkinson’s disease).
• Ciwon tsufa wanda yake sabbaba mantuwa da rudani tare da rikicewa (Dementia ko Alzheimer’s disease) .
• Shanyewan wani gaba (Stroke).
• Jin tsananin zafi a hannu ko qafa tare da sauran cututtukan jijiyoyi (Neuropathy and nerve damage).
• Cututtukan da suka shafi kwakwalwa kaman zuban jini a kwakwalwa (Brain hemorrhage), ko kuma dajin kwakwalwa (Brain tumor) da kuma sauran cututtukan da suka shafi bargon qashin baya (Spinal cord injuries).

Wadannan cututtukan ana kiran su da Neurological Disorders sannan kuma wadanda suka shafi kwakwalwa kawai a kira su da Brain Disorders. A wasu lokuta, likitan da ya kware akan yin fida a bangaren Neurology wato Neuro-surgeon yakan yi tiyata wato ya bude kwakwalwan mara lafiya domin magance matsalan da ke damun shi. Kadan daga cikin hanyoyin da Neurologist suke bi wajen gane cutan da ke damun mutum sun hada da yin gwaje-gwaje kaman su CT Scan (Brain hemorrhage), MRI (Stroke, Brain tumor), da EEG (Epilepsy). Shiyasa za ka ga cewa ana yawan yin ma wanda yayi hatsari kuma ya bugu a kai gwajin CT Scan domin a tabbatar da lafiyan kwakwalwan shi.

Daga wadannan taqaitattun bayanan, zamu iya fahimtar cewa Neurologist shine asalin likitan kwakwalwa, da bargon qashin baya da kuma jijiyoyi. Idan to haka ne, shi kuma Psychiatrist fa, a ina zamu ajiye shi?

Ciwon Halayya Da Dabi’un Dan Adam (Mental Disorder)

Sauran sunayen da za a iya kiran Mental Disorder sun hada da Mental Illness, Psychiatric Disorder, da Psychological Disorder. Na yi cikakken sharhi a kan Mental Disorder a cikin maqala ta mai take, “Menene Mental Health Da Kuma Mental Disorders Tare Da Jiga-Jigan Misalai” kuma zan dan dibo wasu kalamai na daga cikin wannan maqalan domin in qara yin sharhi a game da fassaran Psychiatrist ko Psychiatry.

Mental Disorder yana nufin tattaruwan wasu alamomi wadanda suke iya jirkitadda yanayin da mutum yake tsinkayan abubuwa da kuma yanda ya ke tunani  da mu’amala da mutane. Irin wadannan alamomin suna saka mutum ya shiga cikin matsanancin damuwa (Subjective distress) sannan kuma suna janyo matsala ko naqasa (Impairment) a game da yanda mutum yake mu’amala da iyalin shi ko ‘yan’uwan shi (wato a gida), da abokan aikin shi ko kuma abokan karantun shi (Pervasive). Irin wadannan alamomin za su iya jimawa mutum yana fuskantan su (Persistent), ko kuma a wani lokaci sai su zo gadan-gadan kaman saukan ruwan sama (Relapse) daga baya kuma sai su yi likimo kaman anyi ruwan an dauke (Remission). A wani sa’in ma sau daya kacal za su faru (Single episode).

Manyan abubuwan da suke kawo Mental Disorders sun hada da gado (genetics), yanayin muhallin da mutum ya taso (environment), dabi’un yau da kullum da aka dora mutum akai (daily habits), da kuma yanayin halittan mutum (biology) ko kuma yawa ko qarancin sinadaran kwakwalwa (Neurotransmitters) da kuma yanda suke aiki (Brain chemistry). Irin wadannan Neurotransmitters din sun hada da Serotonin (OCD), Dopamine (Schizophrenia, ADHD), da kuma Norepinephrine (Anxiety Disorders).

Ba kaman sauran Brain Disorders ba wadanda ake iya gano su ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwaje a asibiti kaman MRI ko CT Scan, har ila yau, babu wani tabbatacciyar gwajin asibiti da ake iya yi domin gano Mental Disorders. Wadanda sukeda alhakin gano Mental Disorder sune Psychiatrist, Psychologist, da kuma Clinical Social Worker amma an fi so Psychiatrist ya ja ragaman binciken duk wani Mental Disorder. Wadannan sune ake kira da Mental Health Professionals. Kadan daga cikin hanyoyin da suke bi wajen gano Mental Disorder sun hada da:

• Clinical interview: Tattaunawa tare da mara lafiya akan abin yake damun shi, yanda yake ji, tarihin lafiyan shi da na iyayen shi. A wani sa’in, za a iya gayyatar ‘yan’uwa na kusa kaman mata ko miji ko iyayen mara lafiyan domin ayi musu tambayoyin da suka shafi dabi’un mara lafiya.
• Psychological testing/standardized test (questionnaire): Amsa wasu tsararrun tambayoyi wadanda za su fahimtar da Mental Health Professional halayya da dabi’un mutum.

Daga nan ne sai Psychiatrist ya gano asalin Mental Disorder din da yake damun mutum. Kun ga wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu, babu inda ake yin wani gwaji na asibiti saboda shi Mental Disorder ba a gano shi ta hanyar yin gwajin asibiti duk da yake masana suna ta yin bincike ko za su iya gano wata gwaji da za a iya yi wajen gano Mental Disorder. Amma fa ana iya yin wasu gwaje-gwajen asibiti domin a tabbatar da cewa matsalan da ke tattare da mara lafiyan ba matsala ne da ya shafi Physical health (lafiyan jiki wanda test zai iya nunawa) din shi ba.

Daga wadannan bayanan za ku fahimci cewa duk da yake shi Mental Disorder yana iya faruwa saboda samun tangarda da sinadaran da suke cikin kwakwalwa (Neurotransmitters) ko kuma matsala da wani sashen kwakwalwa amma babu wani tiyata da za a iya yi domin yin maganin shi ba kaman sauran Brain Disorders ba wadanda likitan kwakwalwa (Neuro-surgeon) zai iya bude kwakwalwa domin yin aiki kuma a yi maganin cutan. Daga cikin hanyoyin da Mental Health Professionals suke bi wajen maganin Mental Disorders sun hada da:

• Psychotherapy: Yawanci Clinical Psychologists (masana ilimin halayyar dan’Adam) suke aiwatar da Psychotherapy a inda za su fahimtar da mutum a kan ainihin abin da yake damun sa, sannan kuma su koya masa yanda zai dunga kiyayewa idan alamomin da suke damun shi sun taso mai ranga-ranga.
• Medication: A wasu lokutan ma har magani ake bayar wa ko kuma a gasa kwakwalwan (Electro-convulsive therapy – ECT). Psychiatrists ne suke da alhakin bada magani ko kuma yin ECT. Amma fa ku sani da cewa ba a dakatar da shan maganin Mental Disorders tashi guda, sai dai a rage a hankali a hankali (Tapering) kaman yanda Psychiatrist zai bada shawara idan buqatan hakan ta kama. Kuma yawanci ana shan su ne na tsawon lokaci, wasu wata 6, wasu har shekaru ma, wasu kuma muddin rai duk da yake suna iya kawo wasu illolin (Side effects).

Bayan wannan dogon sharhin, zamu fahimci cewa ingantacciyar fassaran Psychiatrist shine likitan hallaya da dabi’un dan’Adam ba kaman yanda akasarin mutane suke fassara shi da likitan kwakwalwa ba ko kuma likitan tabin hankali saboda ba duka Mental Disorders ne suke kawo tabin hankali ba. Daga cikin sama da 300 Mental Disorders, wadanda suke iya munana har su kai ga tabin hankali ko hauka ba su fi a qirga su da yatsan hannu ba, manya daga cikin su sune Schizophrenia ko kuma dangin Mental Disorders din da ake kira da Psychotic Disorders. Saboda haka, Psychiatry asibitin gyara halayyar dan’Adam ne da dabi’un sa ba asibitin mahaukata bane. Mutanen da basu sami kulawan da ya kamata bane a bangaren Mental Health din su wato lafiyan halayya da dabi’un su su ne suke zama mahaukata tuburan sai a gan su suna gararamba a kan titi. Amma ko Schizophrenia wanda idan ba a gano shi kuma an jimanci shan magani ba zai iya sa mutum ya zama mahaukaci tuburan, ana iya rayuwa da shi salin alin matuqar mutum zai jimanci shan magani. Haka zalika, fassara Mental Health da lafiyan kwakwalwa kuskure ne. Abin da ya dace a fassara Mental Health da shi shine lafiyan halayya da kuma dabi’un dan’Adam wanda Psychiatrist wato likitan halayya da dabi’un dan’Adam yake dubawa. Lafiyan kwakwalwa kuma sai mu kira shi da turanci da Brain health wanda Neurologist wato likitan kwakwalwa yake dubawa.

Ga wasu kadan daga cikin Mental Disorders wadanda suke addaban mu.

1. Phobia: Tsananin jin tsoro tare da fargaba idan mutum ya ga kyankyaso, gizo-gizo, bera, ko yin allura, ko hawa jirgin sama da dai sauran su.
2. Pre-menstrual Dysphoric Disorder – PMDD: Shiga matsanancin damuwa da mata ke yi a cikin satin qarshe kafin zuwan al’adan su a inda za a lura cewa wani abu na damun su sosai wasu har da ciwon gabbai da tsoka, tare da rashin iya maida hankali da saurin gajiya ko rashin jin qarfi sosai, ga saurin jin haushi da yin fada ko a gida ko a wajen aiki da dai sauran su. Ya kamata maza su laqanci alamomin wannan disorder din saboda kiyaye uwargida idan tana da shi, idan kuma ba haka ba, to za ayi dauki ba dadi. ☺️. Domin qarin bayani, ka karanta maqala na mai take, “Mental Disorders Waɗanda Suka Shafi Mata Kaɗai: PMDD & GPPPD”.
3. Kasa samun bacci gabadaya ko kuma yin baccin dan kadan da daddare amma kuma gari na wayewa sai ka ji baccin ya zo. Idan ma zaka sami dama zaka iya yin bacci ma’ishi tun safe har rana koma zuwa yamma. Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome – DSPS, daya daga cikin bangaren Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder. Irin wannan matsalan baccin, mai Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) ma zai iya samun wannan matsalan. Ka karanta maqala na mai take, “Tsananin Fushi Da Bala’in Kishi, Me Yake Jawo Su? Borderline Personality Disorder & Obsessive Love Disorder”.
4. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – ADHD: Yaro mai tsilla-tsilla wanda baya iya zama wuri guda a yanayin da ake da buqatan yin hakan, kuma baya iya yin wasa shiru ba tare da yana iface-iface ba da zabure-zabure. Kuma a makaranta ma yana yawan tsilla-tsilla a cikin aji koda kuwa akwai malami a ciki kuma yana da yawan wasa da hannun shi yayi tabe-tabe ko kuma qafan shi ga yawan guje-guje da tadi da batar da kayayyakin shi da rashin tsayar da hankali a wajen karatu ga saurin bada amsa a cikin aji koda kuwa ba a tambaye shi ba.
5. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder – OCPD: Mai qa’ida, mai taurin kai wanda idan ya kafe a abu, to babu mai iya daga shi, mai tsananin kiyaye mutunci tare da bin dokoki sau da qafa, ga maqo (shi bai ci ba kuma bai bayar an ci ba) ko kuma tsantseni wajen kashe kudi. Sannan ya na da qoqarin ganin cewa duk wani aiki sai an yi shi batare da wani kuskure ba (Mr. Perfect), kuma wani lokaci ma garin neman ayi aiki dari bisa dari sai kuma a kasa gama aikin akan lokaci. Kuma ba shi da daga qafa, duk dokan da ya gindaya to dole a bishi a haka babu sassauci tare da son cewa sai anyi abu a yanda yake so ko ya tsara (bossy). Sannan kuma agogo ne sarkin aiki (workaholic), a office aiki, a gida aiki, hatta weekend har ma abin ya kai ga cewa iyali ma basa samun lokacin shi yanda ya kamata domin yin fira ko kuma fita shaqatawa a waje, babu abin da yafi darjantawa irin aikin shi. OCPD ya sha bambam da OCD.
6. Narcissistic Personality Disorder – NPD: Tsananin ji da kai da ganin cewa shi na musamman ne (Grandiosity) da kuma matuqar son a yaba mai koda kuwa bai cancanci yabon ba tare da nuna halin ko in kula da yanayin da mutum ke ciki na buqata ko damuwa (Unempathic). Sannan kuma yana amfani da yaudara wajen cin ma burin shi, ga tsananin ji-ji da kai (Arrogant) da hassada da bala’in kishi da neman ganin bayan mutum, da rashin kawaici ko ta’ido ga gasa magana. A taqaice dai Narcissist shine wanda ake yin ma kirarin cewa zuma ga zaqi ga harbi – duk abinka ka taba shan zuman shi haka kuma harbin shi, ko kuma inuwan giginya na nesa ka sha. Shine mugu, mai baqin hassada da tsananin son kai da riya da ji-ji da kai, munafiki, mai ha’inci, algungumi, maqaryaci, makwadaici, dan maula, mahandami, mai fuska biyu, mai shegen wayau – duk abinka Narcissist ya taba yin ma wayau sai dai kuwa idan kai ma Narcissist din ne to a nan wajen, Ali ya ga Ali kenan kar ta san kar. A gaskiya, duk wani mummunan hali to idan akace Narcissist to an qure. Wanda kadai a wani lokacin zai iya illatarwa fiye da Narcissist shine Psychopath wanda yake da Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). A iya bincike na, banga masu Mental Disoder din da suka game duniya ba irin Narcissists, domin masana suna cewa a cikin kowane mutum 4 ko 5 to akwai Narcissist guda 1. Duk wanda yasan haqiqanin waye Narcissists to zai ga cewa suna kewaye da shi a matsayin mata/miji, qani/qanwa, wa/ya, baba/uwa, da/’ya, ko kuma aboki. Kaman yanda Gandu mawaki yake cewa, “Kowani gida akwai Abba”, to haka kusan kowani gida akwai Narcissist. A wani gidan ma zaka iya samun baba Narcissist, uwa Narcissist, sannan kuma ‘ya’yan a samu Narcissists da yawa. Sannan kuma wani abin mamaki shine yanda Narcissists suka yi kakagida a harkan addini, musulunci ne ko kuwa sauran addinai. Akwai su a cikin malamai manya da qananan su, sannan kuma akwai su sosai a cikin ustazai ko kuma wadanda ake ganin suna da ilimin addini sosai ko kuma suna dabbaqa ayyukan addini a zahiri. Ina sa ran in yi rubutu mai zurfi a game da Narcissists saboda yanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin mutane sannan kuma rankatakaf a cikin Mental Disorders sama da 300, ban ga wanda yake da wuyan fahimta ba da kashe-kashe iri-iri kaman Narcissist.

Muna fahimtar cewa, duk da yake cututtukan da suka shafi Neurology and Psychiatry suna da alaqa da kwakwalwa amma fa hanyoyin da Neurologist da Psychiatrist suke bi wajen yin magani sun banbanta sosai sannan kuma a mafi yawancin lokuta za ka gansu suna yin aikin hadin gwiwa, wato Neurologist ya tura ma Psychiatrist mara lafiya idan yaga cewa akwai alamun Mental Disorder a tare da shi ko kuma Psychiatrist ya turo ma Neurologist mara lafiya domin samun tabbatuwan cewa mutum ba shi da ciwon kwakwalwa wanda ya shafi Brain Disorder. A irin haka ne ma zaka ga cewa wasu asibitocin sunan su Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital.

Gwaje-gwajen da na lissafta wadanda Neurologist suke yi wajen gano cuta, mutum ba zai iya boye ciwon da ke damun shi ba matuqar an yi wadannan gwaje-gwajen. Amma kuma mutum zai iya boye wani Mental Disorder da yake da shi koda kuwa an kai shi ganin Psychiatrist saboda babu wani gwaji na asibiti kaman gwajin jini wanda zai iya nuna Mental Disorder din da ka ke dauke da shi. Mental Health Professionals sun dogara kacokan ne akan abin da ka fada musu ko kuma wani naka ya fada musu a game da kai. Sannan kuma kwarewa wajen gane alamomin wadannan Mental Disorders din yana taimakawa sosai wajen iya hasaso irin matsalan da ke damun mutum. Saboda qarancin kwararru masana Mental Health da muke da shi a wannan qasan, sai ka ga a lokuta da dama idan aka kai mutum Psychiatry domin a binciki Mental health din shi saboda wata dalili daban – kaman kotu ta buqaci hakan saboda halayyan shi ko kuma iyaye su buqaci hakan saboda wani dabi’a na dansu da suke ganin cewa yana da matsalan kwakwalwa – sai a ce wai kwakwalwan shi lafiya lau bayan kuma ga wasu dabi’u na daban wanda ya ke nunawa. Da zaran mutum ya ga halayya mara kyau tun ba irin na Narcissist ba to zai iya fahimtar cewa lallai akwai matsala a tattare da mutumin ba wai sai ka zama daya daga cikin Mental Health Professionals ba.

Akwai wani malami a Kano wanda kotu ce ta tura shi Psychiatry domin a duba Mental Health din shi a 2021. Daga baya likitoci sun ce wai garau yake duk da ire-iren halayyan sa da suke nuni da cewa lallai yana dauke da Mental Disorder kaman shigan shuhra, jiji da kai, qirqiran qarya, da kuma gasa magana da dai sauran alamomin Narcissist. Haka kuma a 2014 duka a Kano, iyayen Mubarak Bala sun kai shi Psychiatry domin a duba Mental Health din shi bayan ya zama Atheist (wanda yayi da’awan babu Allah) amma kuma likitoci suka ce wai lafiyan shi qalau. Ba wai ina nufin ince duk wanda yayi ridda ko ya zama Atheist yana da Mental Disorder bane amma kuma ya kamata mu duba wannan lamarin Mubarak da kyau. Abin da na sani shine daya daga jiga-jigan alamomin mai dauke da Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) shine Unstable self-image. Rashin tabbatuwa a abin da mutum ya saka a gaba ko ya qudurce a ran shi (Unstable self-image or identity disturbance). A irin wannan yanayin, mutum sai ya kasance ba shi da tabbatuwa a abin da yake so ya cimma buri a rayuwarsa, sai ya dunga saurin cancanza aikin da ya ke son yi, ko ra’ayin shi akan abubuwan da ya tabbatu akai a baya. Wani zai iya canza abokan shi, ko kuma ma jinsin shi gabadaya ko yin ridda ko kuma ya ce babu Allah gabadaya (Atheist) ko kuma ya samu shakka kan akwai Allah ko kuwa babu shi (Agnostic) bayan a baya ya yi imani da Allah sosai kuma mai bin addini ne. Haka kuma wani dalibin likitanci (Medical student) kawai ya ajiye karatun wai shi ya samu Online business wato kasuwancin yanar gizo. Irin wannan dabi’an shine ake kira da Impulsivity wanda yana daya daga cikin jiga-jigan alamonin BPD ko Bipolar Disorder. Bayan shekara daya kuma sai ya dawo makarantan wai yana son a kyale shi ya cigaba da karatun sa. Daga nan ne fa malaman shi suka kai shi Psychiatry domin a duba Mental health din shi. Daga baya sai Psychiatrists din suka ce wai lafiyan shi lau.

Maqasudin kawo misalannan shine domin mu fahimci cewa ya kamata kowa daga cikin mu ya miqe afujajan ya nemi ilimin Mental Health iya iyawan shi domin idan kai baka da Mental Disorder to lallai kuwa akwai wani naka na kusa da kai wanda yake da shi kuma mutane su daina tsangwaman wanda ya je ganin Psychiatrist ko kuma wanda ya fito fili yace yana dauke da wani Mental Disoder. Ya kamata mu dunga kallon mai dauke da wani Mental Disorder kaman wanda yake dauke ne da wani Physical illness kaman ciwon ciki, ko Malaria, ko Typhoid. Saboda abin da ya kamace mu shine mu bashi goyon bayan zuwa neman lafiyan shi ko kuma ma mu dauke shi da kan mu zuwa Psychiatry domin ya ga Psychiatrist ko kuma Clinical Psychologist idan munga cewa akwai alamomin Mental Disorder a tattare da shi.

Sai mun hadu a kashi na gaba mai taken:

Narcissist – Zuma Ga Zaqi Ga Harbi

Salihu Lukman, Assistant Professor ne na Civil Engineering a University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tagged : borderline / bpd / mental disorder / mental health / narcissist / psychiatrist / psychologist